Table 3.

Mean (SD) joint angle and moment measures during each step rate condition. All values were determined during the loading response, defined as initial contact (IC) to peak knee flexion angle during stance. Running speed was self-selected by each subject and maintained across conditions.

	Step Rate Condition
Measure	−10%	−5%	Preferred	+5%	+10%
Hip
Peak Flexion Angle (°)	30.7 (5.7)*	27.9(5.8)	26.7(5.5)	25.3(5.5)	23.6(6.0)*
Peak Adduction Angle(°)	11.3 (3.6)*	10.8(3.3)	10.4(3.3)	9.5(3.1)*	8.7(3.1)*
Peak Internal Rotation Angle(°)	1.3 (4.9)*	0.8(4.6)	0.4(4.3)	0.3(4.3)	0.4(4.4)
IC Extension Moment (Nm/kg)	0.2 (0.5)	0.3(0.6)	0.3(0.5)	0.4(0.5)	0.4(0.5)
Peak Abduction Moment (Nm/kg)	1.9 (0.5)	1.8(0.4)	1.8(0.4)	1.8(0.4)	1.7(0.4)*
Peak Internal Rotation Moment(Nm/kg)	0.7 (0.2)*	0.6(0.2)	0.6(0.2)	0.6(0.2)	0.5(0.2)*
Knee
IC Flexion Angle (°)	16.9 (4.2)	17.0(4.1)	17.8(4.0)	18.7(3.9)	19.6(4.2)*
Peak Flexion Angle(°)	50.6 (4.8)*	48.0(4.7)*	46.3(4.5)	44.1(4.7)*	42.8(4.4)*
Peak Extension Moment(Nm/kg)	2.7 (0.6)*	2.7(0.6)	2.5(0.6)	2.4(0.6)	2.2(0.4)*

^*significantly different from preferred, p<0.05