Fig. 1.

Behavioral paradigm. (A) An example in the ‘face attractiveness judgment task’. Female participants were presented with faces of Caucasian young males for 2.5 s each, and judged each face in an attractiveness 8-point scale from very unattractive to very attractive. (B) An example of the ‘action goodness judgment task’. Participants were presented with sentences describing hypothetical actions for 4 s each, and judged each action in a goodness 8-point scale from very bad to very good. (C) An example of the ‘brightness judgment task’, which was used as control task. Subjects were presented with swatches of varying brightness for 2.5 s each and judged each swatch in a brightness 8-point scale from very dark to very bright. In all tasks, trials were separated by a jittered fixation interval (0.5–5 s).