Fig. 4.

Granule cells (GCs) degenerate via apoptotic cell death in the absence of Neurod1, as demonstrated by activated caspase 3 staining in P11 mice. a GC losses were partial in the anterior lobules of Neurod1 mutant cerebellum with few activated caspase-3-positive cells, as shown by caspase 3 antibody staining. b, d-d” Severe degeneration of GCs occurred in the central lobules of Neurod1 mutant cerebellum analyzed by appearance of pyknotic nuclei shown with Hoechst stain. Such apoptotic cells showed co-localization (arrows) with the activated caspase 3 (d”). c Occasional caspase-3-positive cells were present in the Neurod1 heterozygous cerebellum. Bars 100 μm (a-c), 10 μm (d-d”)