Figure 3.

Hantavirus-infected endothelial cells up-regulate HLA-E. (a and b) Expression of ligands for NK cell receptors analyzed on hantavirus-infected primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (a) Immunofluorescence staining with patient serum on uninfected and infected cells 24 and 48 h after infection (hpi). Original magnification, 40×. Bars, 20 µm. (b) Kinetics of infection of endothelial cells. (c and d) Expression of ligands for NKG2D, NKG2A/C, DNAM-1, LFA-1, and KIRs assessed on infected (dashed lines) and uninfected (solid lines) endothelial cells 72 h after infection. Shaded histograms represent isotype control stainings. Co-culture of endothelial cells with UV-inactivated hantavirus for 72 h did not alter the expression of these ligands compared with uninfected cells (not depicted). Data in a–d are representative of three separate experiments.