The reduced response of Tssp−/− mice to HEL is a CD4 T cell property. (A) IL-2 production by the HEL-specific T cell transfectant BW-HEL upon stimulation with splenic APCs from Tssp−/− (KO) or WT control mice loaded with graded concentrations of HEL12–27 peptide or HEL protein, as indicated. One representative experiment out of four performed is shown. (B) WT or Tssp−/− (KO) mice were primed with HEL protein (left) or HEL12–27 peptide (right). 11 d later, CD4 T cells were isolated from the draining LN and restimulated in vitro with WT spleen APCs and graded concentrations of HEL12–27 peptide. (C) WT and Tssp−/− mice were primed in vivo, and their CD4 T cells were restimulated in vitro with WT spleen APCs and either HEL protein or HEL12–27 peptide, as indicated. Results are expressed as the ratio of the proliferation of TSSP-deficient T cells divided by that of WT control. The figure compiles the results of three to five independent experiments. Each symbol corresponds to one mouse. Horizontal bars represent the mean. One-sample t test showed that the responses of WT and Tssp−/− mice are significantly different for all stimulation conditions (P < 0.002). (D) WT and Tssp−/− (KO) mice were primed in vivo with either WT or TSSP-deficient DCs pulsed with 40 ng HEL12–27 peptide, and their CD4 T cells were restimulated in vitro with WT spleen APCs and a titrated amount of HEL12–27 peptide. One representative experiment is presented in the left panel. The right panel combines results of three independent experiments expressed as the ratio of the proliferation of WT or TSSP-deficient T cells (X) divided by the mean value of the WT controls in the same experiment. Each symbol corresponds to one mouse. Horizontal bars represent the mean. Significant p-values are shown. (E) Purified LN CD4 T cells from HEL- or OVA-immunized WT and Tssp−/− mice were labeled with CFSE and stimulated with WT splenocytes together with HEL12–27 peptide, OVA protein, or anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, as indicated. Cell division was evaluated by analyzing CFSE dilution on gated CD4 T cells at day 3 and 6 of activation. The percentage of divided WT or TSSP-deficient (KO) CD4 T cells is shown. One representative experiment out of four performed is shown.