Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants
| Category | All (2589)* | No Fatty Liver (2150)* | Fatty Liver (439)* | p-value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | ||||
| Female (%) | 51 | 44 | 53 | 0.0002 |
| Age (years) | 51.0(10.6) | 50.8(10.6) | 52.3(10.7) | 0.0015 |
| Drinks per week | 3.0(3.5) | 3.0(3.4) | 3.1(3.9) | 0.7619 |
| Physical Activity | 37.4(6.8) | 37.5(6.9) | 36.9(6.4) | 0.0256 |
| Smoking Category | 0.1376 | |||
| Smoke Never (%) | 49.7 (1287) | 50.6 (1088) | 45.3 (199) | |
| Smoke Former (%) | 38.7 (1002) | 37.9 (815) | 42.6 (137) | |
| Smoke Current (%) | 11.6 (300) | 11.5 (247) | 12.1 (53) | |
| Education Category | 0.0028 | |||
| Education some High School (%) | 1.6 (41) | 1.5 (32) | 2.5 (11) | |
| Education High School Graduate | 21.3 (551) | 20.7 (445) | 24.3 (107) | |
| Education Some College (%) | 29.7 (769) | 29.0 (624) | 32.9 (144) | |
| Education College Graduate (%) | 47.4 (1227) | 48.8 (1049) | 40.3 (177) | |
| Menopause (women only) (%) | 26.1 (676) | 26.1 (561) | 26.2 (115) | 0.0623 |
| HRT (%) | 11.9 (308) | 11.8 (254) | 12.5 (55) | 0.1872 |
| Fat related | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6(5.3) | 26.8(4.8) | 31.4(5.8) | <.0001 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 96.5(14.3) | 94.4(13.4) | 106.4(14.1) | <.0001 |
| Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (cm3) | 2847.7(1399.0) | 2697.5(1327.1) | 3583.4(1506.4) | <.0001 |
| Visceral Adipose Tissue (cm3) | 1749.5(1021.4) | 1568.1(912.9) | 2638.1(1059.6) | <.0001 |
| BMI Category | <.0001 | |||
| Normal weight (BMI<25) | 34.0 (882) | 38.9 (837) | 10.3 (45) | |
| Overweight (25<=BMI<30) | 39.5 (1022) | 40.4(869) | 34.9 (153) | |
| Obese (BMI>=30) | 26.5 (685) | 20.7 (444) | 54.9 (241) | |
| Glucose related | ||||
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) | 99.1 (12.9) | 97.1 (19.4) | 108.7 (33.6) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 6.7 (173) | 5.1 (110) | 14.6 (64) | <.0001 |
| IFG-Non-DM Only(%) | 27.5 (712) | 23.6 (507) | 48.8 (214) | <.0001 |
| HOMA-IR [Median (Q1–Q3)] | 2.63 (2.11 – 3.54) | 2.47 (2.05 – 3.21) | 3.88 (2.95 – 5.39) | <.0001 |
| log HOMA-IR | 1.03 (0.47) | 0.95 (0.43) | 1.40 (0.51) | <.0001 |
| Insulin resistance (%) | 28.9(692) | 21.6(425) | 62.7(267) | <.0001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml)** | 9.8(6.0) | 10.5(6.1) | 7.0(4.8) | <.0001 |
| Resistin [Median (Q1–Q3)] | 13.40 (10.60 – 17.10) | 13.25 (10.40 – 17.05) | 14.20 (11.80 – 17.70) | 0.0474 |
| log Resistin (ng/ml)** | 2.62 (0.41) | 2.61 (0.41) | 2.67 (0.39) | 0.1199 |
| Lipid related | ||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 103[71–155] | 95[67–139] | 157[110–217] | <.0001 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 52.5(15.8) | 54.0(15.7) | 45.2(14.1) | <.0001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.2(35.4) | 194.6(35.0) | 197.9(37.1) | 0.1065 |
| Blood pressure related | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.1 (16.2) | 120.0(16.1) | 126.8(15.3) | <.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.28(9.3) | 74.7(9.1) | 78.1 (9.5) | <.0001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 27.3 (707) | 23.6 (507) | 45.4 (199) | <.0001 |
| Syndrome related | ||||
| Metabolic Syndrome (%) | 31.4 (813) | 25.0 (538) | 62.9 (276) | <.0001 |
data in parentheses refers to the standard deviation for continuous traits and the number affected for dichotomous traits
*
represents mean (SD) or median(inter quartile range) or percent (number of individuals)
#
based on t-test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test or Chi squared
**
based on 857 individuals in offspring only, 157 with fatty liver and 700 without fatty liver
HRT: hormone replacement therapy
BMI: Body mass index
IFG: impaired fasting glucose
HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
HDL: high density lipoprotein
SBP: systolic blood pressure