Table 3.
Baseline and postintervention blood metabolite, hormone, and immune parameters
| Pio |
Pio + Ex Training |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Baseline | Post | Change | Within-group P value | Baseline | Post | Change | Within-group P value | Between-Group P Value |
| Triglycerides, mM | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.41 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | −0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.61 | 0.43 |
| Total cholesterol, mM | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | −0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.13 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | −0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.54 | 0.55 |
| LDL cholesterol, mM | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | −0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.14 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.54 | 0.45 |
| HDL cholesterol, mM | 0.99 ± 0.05 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | −0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.54 | 1.06 ± 0.05 | 1.09 ± 0.05 | 0.03 ± 0.06 | 0.96 | 0.73 |
| CD4+ T cell count, cells/μl | 586 ± 47 | 601 ± 51 | 15 ± 22 | 0.62 | 558 ± 36 | 527 ± 35 | −31 ± 23 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
| ALT, U/l | 38 ± 7 | 39 ± 8 | 1 ± 5 | 0.92 | 34 ± 6 | 32 ± 6 | −2 ± 2 | 0.45 | 0.85 |
| AST, U/l | 34 ± 7 | 30 ± 4 | −4 ± 4 | 0.15 | 27 ± 4 | 27 ± 3 | 0 ± 2 | 0.70 | 0.14 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/l | 80 ± 6 | 72 ± 5 | −8 ± 3 | 0.35 | 83 ± 6 | 76 ± 6 | −6 ± 3 | 0.06 | 0.35 |
| Hematocrit, % | 39.9 ± 0.7 | 39.6 ± 0.7 | −0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.08 | 40.7 ± 1.4 | 39.7 ± 1.3 | −1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.12 | 0.63 |
| Hemoglobin, g/l | 13.8 ± 0.3 | 13.7 ± 0.3 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.10 | 13.8 ± 0.5 | 13.6 ± 0.4 | −0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.24 | 0.77 |
| Adiponectin, μg/ml | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.0001 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.002 | 0.41 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | −0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.004 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | −0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.0004 | 0.86 |
| Total testosterone, ng/ml | 436 ± 22 | 432 ± 33 | 6 ± 20 | 0.79 | 468 ± 51 | 506 ± 55 | 38 ± 50 | 0.36 | 0.44 |
| TSH, mU/l | 1.93 ± 0.31 | ND | 1.51 ± 0.19 | ND | |||||
Values are means ± SE; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; ND, not done.