Table 1.

Endothelial function as predictor of prognosis

					FMD As A Predictor
Authors	Journal	Year	N	Group	Subjects with CVD or CVD Risk	Healthy Subjects	Change in FMD
Shechter et al.	IJC	2009	435	men and women		P (future CVD)
Kitta et al.	JACC	2009	251	CAD	single FMD: NP (future events) FMDs across time: IP (future events)		FMD increase after 6 or 26 mo ∼fewer events
Yeboah et al.	Circ	2009	3026	men and women		IP (future CVD)
Rossi et al.	JACC	2008	2264	women		P (future CVD)
Yeboah et al.	Circ	2007	2791	men and women		IP (future CVD)
Shimbo et al.	Atheroscl	2007	842	men and women		P (future CVD in lowest tertiles)
Suessenbacher et al.	Vasc Med	2006	68	CAD	single FMD: NP (future events)		FMD increase after 14 or 44 mo ∼fewer events
Karatzis et al.	AJC	2006	98	ACS	P (future events)
Patti et al.	Circ	2005	136	CAD	IP (stent restenosis)
Meyer et al.	JACC	2005	75	CHF	IP (deterioration and death)
Frick et al.	JACC	2005	398	Chest pain	NP (future events)
Fischer et al.	EHJ	2005	67	CHF	IP (survival)
Fichtlscherer et al.	Circ	2004	198	ACS			Endothelial function increase after 8 wk ∼fewer ACS
Fathi et al.	JACC	2004	444	CAD and healthy	IP (in higher risk patients)	NP (in no/low risk subjects)
Gocke et al.	JACC	2003	199	PVD	IP (future events)
Brevetti et al.	Circ	2003	131	PVD	Low FMD: IP
Chan et al.	JACC	2003	106	CAD	IP (FMD/GTN)		FMD decrease across time ∼future events
Modena et al.	JACC	2002	400	Hypertension	P (future events)		FMD increase after drug treatment ∼fewer events
Neunteufl et al.	AJC	2000	73	Chest pain	IP (future events)

NP, no predictor; P, predictor; IP, independent predictor; CAD; coronary artery disease, ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CHF, chronic heart failure; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; GTN, glyceryl trinitrate; IJC, International Journal of Cardiology; JACC, Journal of the American College of Cardiology; Circ, Circulation; Atheroscl, Atherosclerosis; Vasc Med, Vascular Medicine; AJC, The American Journal of Cardiology; EHJ, European Heart Journal.