Fig. 4.

Analysis of survival and functional predictors of mortality. A: survival curve assessing mortality during surgical preparation and during catecholaminergic manipulation. Baseline refers to surgical placement of catheter and steady-state hemodynamic analysis. Subsequently, survival was assessed during dobutamine (time 0–4 min) and esmolol (time 4–10 min) infusion (IDUA^+/− mice, n = 7; MPS-I mice, n = 10). B–D: comparison of baseline function in MPS-I mice that survived (n = 4) vs. MPS-I mice with cardiac pump failure (n = 4) during hemodynamic analysis. Baseline hemodynamic parameters analyzed include cardiac output (B), stroke volume (C), and minimum LV volume (Min Vol; D). E: linear regression analysis showing a statistically significant relationship between baseline minimum LV volume and time to cardiac pump failure (P = 0.011). *P < 0.05 by t-test.