Table 2.

Bacterial mucin-degrading enzymes identified in the human digestive tract

Organisms	Enzymes	References
Oral cavity
Streptococcus anginosus	β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, α- and β-D-galactosidase	89
Streptococcus mitis	β-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, α- and β-D-galactosidase, α-L-fucosidase, neuraminidase	89
Streptococcus mutants	β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, α- and β-D-galactosidase	89
Streptococcus oralis	β-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, α- and β-D-galactosidase, α-L-fucosidase, neuraminidase, protease	88, 89
Streptococcus sanguinis	β-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, α- and β-D-galactosidase, α-L-fucosidase, protease	88, 89
Streptococcus sobrinus	β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, β-D-galactosidase	89
Gastrointestinal tract
Akkermansia muciniphila	α- and β-D-galactosidase, α-L fucosidase, α- and β-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, neuraminidase, sulfatase.	162
Bacteroides fragilis	protease, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, β-galactosidase, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, α-L-fucosidase, neuraminidase, sulfatase	163–165
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron	α-fucosidase, β-galactosidase, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, neuraminidase, sulfatase	166, 167
Bacteroides vulgatus	α- and β-galactosidase, α-fucosidase, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, α- and β-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, neuraminidase	168
Bifidobacterium sp., Bifidobacterium bifidum	α-L-fucosidase, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, galactosyl-N-acetylhexosamine phosphorylase	169
Clostridium cocleatum	β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, neuraminidase	170
Clostridium septicum	β-Galactosidase, β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, glycosulfatase, neuraminidase	171
Helicobacter pylori	Glycosulfatase	172
Prevotella sp. RS2	Sulfoglycosidase, glycosulfatase	173, 174
Ruminococcus torques	α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase	175
Streptomyces sp.	α-L-fucosidase	176
Vibrio cholerae	Neuraminidase, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, proteinase.	177