Table 2.
Factors associated with increased time from symptom onset to hospital arrival: univariate analysis
| Variables | N (%) | Prehospital delay | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical | |||
| NIHSS, score | < 0.001 | ||
| 0-3 | 261 (52) | 595 (242-1452) | |
| 4-6 | 136 (27) | 573 (244-1357) | |
| ≥ 7 | 103 (21) | 170 (55-508) | |
| Pre-morbid disability (mRS > 2) | 0.798 | ||
| Yes | 18 (4) | 463 (126-1196) | |
| No | 482 (96) | 471 (170-1308) | |
| Risk factors | |||
| Previous stroke | 0.088 | ||
| Yes | 116 (23) | 316 (110-1241) | |
| No | 384 (77) | 502 (210-1338) | |
| Hypertension | 0.632 | ||
| Yes | 316 (63) | 540 (165-1305) | |
| No | 184 (37) | 405 (170-1317) | |
| Diabetes | 0.049 | ||
| Yes | 134 (27) | 568 (234-1460) | |
| No | 366 (73) | 449 (148-1253) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.039 | ||
| Yes | 72 (14) | 753 (236-1391) | |
| No | 428 (76) | 432 (152-1297) | |
| Current smoker | 0.637 | ||
| Yes | 150 (30) | 466 (196-1227) | |
| No | 350 (70) | 504 (150-1344) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.002 | ||
| Yes | 44 (9) | 215 (59-948) | |
| No | 456 (91) | 521 (194-1328) | |
| Coronary heart disease | 0.067 | ||
| Yes | 38 (8) | 277 (69-1012) | |
| No | 462 (92) | 504 (180-1314) | |
| Family history of stroke | 0.171 | ||
| Yes | 147 (29) | 762 (327-1409) | |
| No | 353 (71) | 682 (230-1353) | |
| General | |||
| Location of study hospital | 0.096 | ||
| Seoul | 324 (65) | 558 (165-1365) | |
| Metropolitan area | 176 (35) | 397 (170-1126) | |
| Education | 0.572 | ||
| Low (0-6 years) | 169 (34) | 444 (170-1294) | |
| Medium (6-12 years) | 215 (43) | 551 (210-1308) | |
| High (≥ 12 years) | 116 (23) | 379 (122-1307) | |
| Living alone | 0.322 | ||
| Yes | 435 (87) | 506 (283-1348) | |
| No | 65 (13) | 462 (150-1309) | |
| Visit hospital regularly | 0.503 | ||
| Yes | 338 (68) | 504 (152-1248) | |
| No | 162 (32) | 466 (183-1350) | |
| Presence of bystander at time of symptom onset | 0.742 | ||
| Yes | 145 (29) | 502 (170-1358) | |
| No | 355 (71) | 470 (170-1252) | |
| Arrival through referral | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 169 (34) | 847 (355-1575) | |
| No | 331 (66) | 347 (106-1015) | |
| Mode of transport | < 0.001 | ||
| Ambulance | 182 (36) | 301 (79-758) | |
| Personal vehicle | 205 (41) | 608 (242-1373) | |
| Public transportation | 113 (23) | 858 (290-1620) | |
| Knowledge by patient of thrombolysis | 0.132 | ||
| Yes | 92 (18) | 349 (113-1121) | |
| No | 408 (82) | 502 (208-1328) | |
| Awareness of the patient/bystander that the initial symptom was stroke related | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 179 (36) | 260 (100-708) | |
| No | 321 (64) | 650 (290-1458) |
Values are median (25th-75th percentile) and are given in minutes.
*Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used.