An overview of the major gene networks closely associated with rice grain endosperm chalkiness. AC, amylose content; a-D-Xyase, Alpha-D-xylosidase; AGPase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; a-L-AFase, Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase; AP-2, APETALA2 domain-containing protein; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; ARR, arabidopsis thaliana response regulator; BES1/BZR1, BES1/BZR1 homolog protein; BR, brassinosteroid; BTB/POZ, BTB/POZ domain protein; C2H2/C3HC4 Zn RING, C2H2/C3HC4-type zinc finger proteins; CesA, cellulose synthase; DBE, starch debranching enzyme; GA, gibberellin; GH28, Glycosyl hydrolase family 28 protein; GLR, glutaredoxin; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; GST, glutathione-S-transferase; GT5, glycosyltransferase family 5 protein; Hpt, Hpt domain protein; HSP, heat shock protein; LIM, LIM domain protein; Maf/bZIP, Maf family protein; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDAR, monodehydroascorbate reductase; Myb, Myb transcription factor; OXI1, serine/threonine protein phosphatase; PA, phosphatidic acid; PDK, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase; PHD, PHD finger transcription factor; PI(3/4)P, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate; PLD, phospholipase D; PrxR, peroxiredoxin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SBE, starch branching enzyme; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SPP, sucrose phosphatase; SPS, sucrose phosphate synthase; TF, transcription factor; Trx, thioredoxin; XIP, Xylanase inhibitor protein.