Table 1.
Prevalence of adverse childhood circumstances and adult stressors by perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), U.S. men and women aged ≥ 20 years (N=34 653)
| Men (n=14 564) | Women (n=20 089) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did not perpetrate IPV (n=14 049) | Perpetrated IPV (n=515) | Did not perpetrate IPV (n=18 921) | Perpetrated IPV (n=1 168) | |
| %(SE) | ||||
| Adverse childhood circumstances | ||||
| Abuse and neglect | ||||
| Physical abuse | 11.2 (0.4) | 24.9 (2.1)*** | 10.6 (0.3) | 23.9 (1.5)*** |
| Witness IPV | 13.5 (0.4) | 29.4 (2.3)*** | 15.3 (0.4) | 29.9 (1.6)*** |
| Sexual abuse | 5.4 (0.3) | 13.1 (1.7)** | 16.1 (0.4) | 32.8 (1.6)*** |
| Emotional abuse | 9.4 (0.3) | 17.5 (1.9)*** | 11.1 (0.3) | 21.6 (1.5)*** |
| Emotional neglect | 9.9 (0.3) | 15.4 (2.0)* | 12.2 (0.3) | 17.1 (1.4)*** |
| Physical neglect | 9.4 (0.4) | 17.6 (1.9)*** | 10.0 (0.3) | 16.1 (1.3)*** |
| Problems of parent/adult in home | ||||
| Problem alcohol user | 20.1 (0.5) | 30.0 (2.7)** | 22.9 (0.5) | 33.4 (1.8)*** |
| Problem drug user | 4.6 (0.2) | 7.1 (1.3)* | 4.5 (0.2) | 11.5 (1.1)*** |
| Imprisoned | 6.9 (0.3) | 13.6 (1.9)** | 6.6 (0.3) | 12.7 (1.3)*** |
| Mental illness | 6.2 (0.2) | 7.8 (1.4) | 7.2 (0.3) | 13.9 (1.3)*** |
| Family circumstances | ||||
| Biological parents stopped living together | 15.8 (0.4) | 18.5 (2.3) | 12.1 (0.4) | 18.5 (1.4)*** |
| Traumatic events | ||||
| Victim of violence in the community | 12.0 (0.4) | 21.9 (2.2)*** | 4.8 (0.2) | 14.2 (1.4)*** |
| See someone killed, see a dead body | 12.3 (0.4) | 17.8 (2.2)* | 5.3 (0.2) | 8.4 (1.0)* |
| Economic circumstances | ||||
| Poverty | 12.5 (0.4) | 19.5 (2.0)** | 12.8 (0.4) | 30.0 (1.7)*** |
| Adulthood stressors | ||||
| Financial stressors | ||||
| Financial crisis | 3.1 (0.2) | 8.0 (0.8)*** | 4.2 (0.2) | 12.6 (0.8)*** |
| Fired/laid off | 3.3 (0.2) | 7.6 (1.0)*** | 5.0 (0.2) | 11.1 (1.2)*** |
| Unemployed ≥ 1 month | 3.3 (0.2) | 6.3 (0.8)** | 4.7 (0.2) | 12.1 (1.0)*** |
| Income below 150% of poverty | 16.0 (0.5) | 21.4 (2.4)** | 24.2 (0.6) | 34.3 (1.8)*** |
| Changed job or hours | 3.3 (0.2) | 4.5 (0.4)* | 4.5 (0.2) | 8.4 (0.5)*** |
| Relationship stressors | ||||
| Moved, or someone new moved in | 3.2 (0.2) | 5.0 (0.4)*** | 4.3 (0.2) | 9.2 (0.6)*** |
| new moved in Trouble with boss or coworker | 3.3 (0.2) | 6.7 (0.9)*** | 4.9 (0.2) | 10.5 (0.8)*** |
| Serious problem with neighbor, friend | 3.4 (0.2) | 7.3 (1.2)** | 4.6 (0.2) | 14.8 (1.3)*** |
| Child aged <5 years in house | 3.2 (0.2) | 6.2 (0.7)*** | 4.5 (0.2) | 10.7 (0.7)*** |
| Loved one died | 3.2 (0.2) | 4.4 (0.3)** | 4.7 (0.2) | 6.5 (0.4)*** |
| Loved one other trauma | 3.5 (0.2) | 4.0 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.2) | 6.8 (0.6)* |
| Crime and violence | ||||
| Something stolen | 3.3 (0.2) | 6.1 (0.8)*** | 4.7 (0.2) | 11.9 (0.9)*** |
| Property destroyed | 3.4 (0.2) | 6.1 (0.8)** | 4.8 (0.2) | 12.4 (1.2)*** |
| Violent victimization in community | 3.5 (0.2) | 7.9 (1.8)* | 5.2 (0.2) | 15.6 (2.5)** |
| See someone killed, see a dead body | 3.6 (0.2) | 3.3 (0.8) | 5.2 (0.2) | 9.6 (1.4)** |
| Other stressors | ||||
| Illness, injury, or disaster | 3.5 (0.2) | 4.1 (0.8) | 5.3 (0.2) | 5.9 (0.9) |
| Other trauma to self | 3.6 (0.2) | 3.2 (1.8) | 5.3 (0.2) | 12.0 (3.0)* |
Chi-square test,
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001.
Differences in mean age at interview evaluated with a t-test.