Table 2.

Risk of perpetrating intimate partner violence associated with adverse childhood events, U.S. men and women aged ≥ 20 years (N=34 653)^†

	Men (n=14 564)	Women (n=20 089)
	Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI)
Abuse and neglect
Physical abuse
None	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Some	1.08 (0.81, 1.44)	1.37 (1.11, 1.69)
Serious	1.64 (1.11, 2.43)*	1.77 (1.37, 2.29)***
Witness IPV
None	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Some	1.47 (1.09, 1.99)	1.04 (0.82, 1.33)
Serious	1.62 (1.12, 2.34)**	1.18 (0.95, 1.47)
Emotional abuse
None	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Some	1.60 (1.16, 2.21)	1.62 (1.29, 2.03)
Serious	1.05 (0.63, 1.76)**	1.10 (0.81, 1.48)***
Sexual abuse	1.58 (1.13, 2.22)**	1.32 (1.13, 1.55)***
Physical neglect
None	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Some	1.11 (0.87, 1.42)	1.22 (1.02, 1.46)
Serious	1.10 (0.76, 1.57)	0.93 (0.73, 1.18)*
Emotional neglect
Low	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Medium	1.04 (0.80, 1.35)	1.22 (1.02, 1.47)
High	1.17 (0.81, 1.68)	1.13 (0.89, 1.44)
Problems of parent/adult in home
Mental illness	0.90 (0.61, 1.34)	1.27 (1.02, 1.58)*
Problem alcohol user	1.13 (0.85, 1.51)	0.98 (0.83, 1.17)
Problem drug user	0.82 (0.52, 1.30)	1.10 (0.87, 1.40)
Imprisoned	1.22 (0.81, 1.84)	0.94 (0.76, 1.16)
Family problems
Parents divorced or separated
Not in childhood	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Before age 12 years	0.74 (0.48, 1.15)	1.19 (0.82, 1.45)
In adolescence	0.89 (0.64, 1.24)	1.00 (0.83, 1.20)
Violence exposure
Victim of violence in the community
Not in childhood	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Before age 12 years	1.26 (0.95, 1.67)	1.56 (1.23, 1.98)
In adolescence	1.23 (0.72, 2.13)	1.24 (0.78, 1.96)**
See someone killed, see a dead body
Not in childhood	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Before age 12 years	1.01 (0.74, 1.38)	1.03 (0.79, 1.35)
In adolescence	1.16 (0.73, 1.83)	0.79 (0.55, 1.15)
Economic circumstances
Poverty	1.03 (0.78, 1.34)	1.37 (1.14, 1.65)

^†One multivariable model for each gender, adjusted for age at interview and race/ethnicity

^*Wald F test for the variable is significant at:

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01;

^***p<0.001.