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. 2011 Jan;18(1):1–10. doi: 10.1101/lm.1923211

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Figure 5. — Drug treatment without stimulus exposure does not alter responding at test. (A) Mean lever presses per minute during the extinction session containing the drug treatments and during the test conducted drug-free 4 wk later. Note that in the final extinction session (presented above) the levers were present but the stimuli withheld. When animals were given drug treatments without exposure to the discriminative stimuli, there was no effect on response rates either during extinction or when the stimuli were reintroduced in the test. (B) Statistical analyses indicate an effect of experimental phase (F_(1,28) = 103.8, P < 0.01) but no effect of group (F_(3,28) = 0.4, P > 0.05) and no interaction between these factors (F_(3,28) = 0.1, P > 0.05). These data suggest that the effects of noradrenergic drugs reported above are related to stimulus exposure and extinction. N = 8 per group.