Table 2.
Neural features of palmitoylation
Protein targets | Protein family | Palmitoylating enzyme | Physiological/pathophysiological relevance | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
β2-adrenergic receptor | G-protein coupled receptor | ND | Regulates phosphorylation and internalization of β-arrestin | [66] |
CDC42 | Small GTPase | ND | Neurite outgrowth and dendritic spine formation | [60,62] |
GABAAR (γ2 subunit) | Neurotransmitter | DHHC 3,7 | Inhibition of synaptic transmission | [76] |
AMPAR (GluR1, GluR2 subunits) | Ion channel | DHHC 3 | Regulates AMPAR surface expression | [69] |
Gαq, Gαs | G-protein signaling | DHHC 7 | Regulates G-protein assembly and activity | [64,65] |
Huntingtin | Polyglutamine | DHHC 17 | Huntington’s disease | [83] |
NMDAR | Neurotransmitter receptor | ND | Enhances tyrosine phosphorylation and increases surface expression | [68] |
PSD95 | Scaffolding protein | DHHC 2, 15, 3, 7 | Synaptic targeting and postsynaptic protein assembly | [71] |
SNAP25 | Vesicle trafficking | DHHC 17 | Neurotransmitter release, Huntington’s disease | [59] |
Synaptobrevin | Vesicle trafficking | ND | Multimerization of synaptobrevin | [60] |
GABAAR, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor; DHHC, aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; PSD95, postsynaptic density protein 95; SNAP25, synaptosomal-associated protein 25; CDC42, cell division control protein 42; AMPAR, α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptor; ND, not determined.