Table 3.

Multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for the association of distal colorectal cancer with antioxidant nutrients, by race (North Carolina Colon Cancer Study-Phase II, 2001–2006)

Nutrient quartiles	Median intake/day in controls	Whites (n = 1,520)			African Americans (n = 384)
		No. of cases	OR	95% CI	No. of cases	OR	95% CI
Vitamin C (mg) (food only)a
Q1	70	257	1.00		38	1.00
Q2	112	171	1.10	0.81–1.48	40	1.29	0.66–2.53
Q3	154	155	0.65	0.47–0.89	58	1.37	0.70–2.69
Q4	235	137	0.58	0.42–0.80	89	1.36	0.72–2.57
P for linear trend			<0.0001			0.43
Vitamin C (mg) (food + supplements)b
Q1	89	79	1.00		51	1.00
Q2	155	152	0.73	0.54–0.99	47	0.85	0.46–1.57
Q3	221	217	0.59	0.43–0.81	66	1.15	0.62–2.12
Q4	641	641	0.59	0.43–0.80	61	1.42	0.72–2.81
P for linear trend			0.0007			0.20
Vitamin E (mg αTE) (food only)c
Q1	6.3	197	1.00		56	1.00
Q2	9.3	139	0.99	0.73–1.35	48	0.64	0.35–1.16
Q3	12.3	207	0.74	0.54–1.02	61	0.70	0.37–1.32
Q4	17.9	177	0.65	0.48–0.89	60	0.74	0.38–1.43
P for linear trend			0.0021			0.35
Vitamin E (mg α TE) (food + supplements)d
Q1	8.2	185	1.00		71	1.00
Q2	16.7	202	0.94	0.68–1.31	58	0.68	0.36–1.29
Q3	31.8	181	0.88	0.64–1.22	67	1.73	0.88–3.40
Q4	296.2	152	0.80	0.57–1.10	29	1.01	0.47–2.19
P for linear trend			0.20			0.87
β-Carotene (μg) (food only)e
Q1	1,820	260	1.00		50	1.00
Q2	3,235	199	0.69	0.51–0.93	55	0.86	0.44–1.67
Q3	4,774	143	0.50	0.36–0.69	36	0.34	0.33–1.23
Q4	7,644	118	0.52	0.38–0.71	84	0.93	0.51–1.70
P for linear trend			<0.0001			0.83
β-Carotene (μg) (food + supplements)f
Q1	2,065	254	1.00		52	1.00
Q2	3,554	196	0.69	0.51–0.94	56	0.74	0.39–1.38
Q3	5,152	144	0.47	0.34–0.65	34	0.74	0.37–1.49
Q4	8,008	126	0.51	0.37–0.70	83	0.96	0.52–1.76
P for linear trend			<0.0001			0.94
Selenium (μg) (food only)g
Q1	58	170	1.00		53	1.00
Q2	91	187	1.17	0.87–1.58	44	1.35	0.72–2.53
Q3	119	196	0.74	0.54–1.01	56	0.56	0.29–1.08
Q4	158	167	0.55	0.39–0.77	72	0.55	0.29–1.02
P for linear trend			<0.0001			0.02
Selenium (μg) (food + supplements)h
Q1	59	170	1.00		52	1.00
Q2	93	181	1.19	0.88–1.60	44	1.41	0.75–2.64
Q3	120	199	0.80	0.58–1.09	58	0.45	0.24–0.87
Q4	159	170	0.56	0.40–0.79	71	0.64	0.34–1.21
P for linear trend			0.0001			0.04
All antioxidant nutrients (mg) (food + supplements)i
Q1	106	222	1.00		54	1.00
Q2	191	189	0.77	0.56–1.04	51	1.02	0.56–1.83
Q3	291	159	0.72	0.52–0.98	82	1.18	0.66–2.12
Q4	893	150	0.67	0.49–0.92	38	1.32	0.62–2.79
P for linear trend			0.06			0.44

Adjusted for age, sex, education, BMI, family history of CRC, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and total energy

^aCutoffs for men: 96, 135, and 184 mg; cutoffs for women: 91, 127, and 183 mg

^bCutoffs for men: 125, 179, and 285 mg; cutoffs for women: 122, 183, and 300 mg

^cCutoffs for men: 9, 11, and 15 mg; cutoffs for women: 7, 9, and 13 mg

^dCutoffs for men: 12, 27, and 40 mg; cutoffs for women: 11, 27, and 164 mg

^eCutoffs for men: 2,632, 3,958, and 6,122 μg; cutoffs for women: 2,360, 4,026, and 5,835 μg

^fCutoffs for men: 2,865, 4,301, and 6,349 μg; cutoffs for women: 2,728, 4,283, and 6,230 μg

^gCutoffs for men: 88, 115, and 148 μg; cutoffs for women: 61, 80, and 101 μg

^hCutoffs for men: 88, 115, and 148 μg; cutoffs for women: 61, 80, 103 μg

ⁱCutoffs for men: 149, 225, and 435 mg; cutoffs for women: 149, 237, and 493 mg