Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in the three groups
| Healthy control (n = 36) | Diabetes | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| New case (n = 36) | >5 years duration (n = 37) | ||
| Gender (females, %) | 18 (50.0%) | 18 (50.0%) | 18 (50.0%) |
| Age (year) | 48.92 ± 1.33 | 49.17 ± 1.58 | 49.51 ± 1.59 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.40 ± 0.53 | 28.34 ± 0.74 | 28.81 ± 0.86 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | – | – | 7.00 [6.46–9.96] |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.0 [116.2–124.0] | 120.0 [119.7–130.8] | 120.0 [119.7–137.3] |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.0 [76.3–81.2] | 80.0 [76.4–83.7] | 80.0 [74.7–82.1] |
| History of hypertension (n, %) | 0 | 7 (19.4%) | 15 (40.5%) |
| History of ischemic heart disease (n, %) | 0 | 0 | 6 (16.2%) |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 92.0 [88.2–93.1] | 172.0 [171.8–202.6] | 190.0 [181.9–234.3] |
| HbA1c (%) | – | 7.80 [7.5–8.85] | 8.20 [7.4–9.07] |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.89 ± 0.03 | 0.91 ± 0.03 | 0.96 ± 0.03 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 139.0 [125.7–165.6] | 181.0 [164.8–262.7] | 219.0 [186.8–234.9] |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200.36 ± 7.44 | 201.72 ± 6.47 | 192.43 ± 7.75 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 45.78 ± 2.01 | 42.56 ± 1.61 | 42.46 ± 1.95 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 106.14 ± 4.21 | 116.63 ± 4.32 | 89.95 ± 4.47 |
| HSP70 (ng/ml) | 0.23 [0.221–0.302] | 0.48 [0.42–0.64] | 0.80 [0.76–1.05] |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) or median [interquartile range]