. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 20.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Intern Med. 2010 Jun 14;170(11):961–969. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.109

TABLE 3.

Relative risk (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes risk according to brown rice in the HPFS, NHS I, and NHS II.

	Brown rice intake (serving/time)			P for trend
	<1/mo	1/mo-1/wk	≥2/wk	P for trend
HPFS
Number of cases	1142	1296	210
Person-year	283230	358085	61606
Model 1^*	1.0	0.84 (0.77, 0.91)	0.77 (0.67, 0.90)	0.0002
Model 2^†	1.0	0.95 (0.88, 1.03)	0.96 (0.83, 1.12)	0.53
Model 3^‡	1.0	0.96 (0.89, 1.04)	0.96 (0.82, 1.12)	0.51
NHS I
Number of cases	3127	2167	206
Person-year	785713	554634	64026
Model 1^*	1.0	0.78 (0.74, 0.83)	0.63 (0.54, 0.72)	<0.0001
Model 2^†	1.0	0.92 (0.87, 0.97)	0.83 (0.72, 0.96)	0.001
Model 3^‡	1.0	0.92 (0.87, 0.98)	0.83 (0.72, 0.96)	0.003
NHS II
Number of cases	1271	941	147
Person-year	580179	537974	92750
Model 1^*	1.0	0.71 (0.65, 0.78)	0.62 (0.52, 0.73)	<0.0001
Model 2^†	1.0	0.92 (0.85, 1.01)	0.88 (0.74, 1.05)	0.10
Model 3^‡	1.0	0.95 (0.87, 1.04)	0.89 (0.75, 1.07)	0.17
Pooled
Fixed effects model^‡	1.0	0.94 (0.90, 0.98)	0.89 (0.81, 0.97)	0.005
P_{heterogeneity}	-	0.77	0.45	0.21

Age-adjusted.

^†

Adjusted for the same set of covariates for model 2 in Table 2.

^‡

Based on model 2, model 3 was further adjusted for total energy (kcal/day) and intake of red meat, fruits and vegetables, coffee (in quintiles), and white rice (see Table 2 for intake categories).