Table 4.
Comparison of associated injuries between the subsets of patients of the PFx group and the control group, who had an ISS of less than 75 and were classified as potentially preventable deaths. Associated severe injuries were significantly more common in the PFx group than in the control group.
|
Injuries: Anatomic Region, (AIS-90 codes) |
PFx group | Control group | After adjustment for age, gender, intention, and height of fall | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | OR† | 95% CI | ||
| Total number of patients analysed | 163 | 100 | 695 | 100 | |||
| Head, (1.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-5) | 112 | 68.7 | 575 | 82.7 | 0.42 | 0.28-0.63 | < 0.001 |
| Brain, (1.4.**.**.*), (AIS3-5) | 92 | 56.4 | 535 | 77.0 | 0.33 | 0.23-0.49 | < 0.001 |
| Skull, (1.5.**.**.*), (AIS2-4) | 47 | 28.8 | 393 | 56.6 | 0.27 | 0.18-0.40 | < 0.001 |
| Thorax, (4.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-5) | 145 | 89.0 | 278 | 40.0 | 10.54 | 6.25-17.79 | < 0.001 |
| Thoracic wall, (4.5.**.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 137 | 84.1 | 232 | 33.4 | 9.36 | 5.94-14.76 | < 0.001 |
| Thoracic viscera, (4.4.**.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 99 | 60.7 | 129 | 18.6 | 5.90 | 4.01-8.66 | < 0.001 |
| Thoracic vessels (4.2.**.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 28 | 17.2 | 36 | 5.2 | 3.47 | 2.00-6.02 | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal, (5.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-5) | 117 | 71.8 | 145 | 20.9 | 8.36 | 5.54-12.59 | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal/pelvic viscera, (5.4.**.**.*), (AIS1-5) | 112 | 68.7 | 123 | 17.7 | 9.07 | 6.03-13.66 | < 0.001 |
| Liver, (5.4.18.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 76 | 46.6 | 78 | 11.2 | 5.83 | 3.86-8.79 | < 0.001 |
| Spleen, (5.4.42.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 57 | 35.0 | 70 | 10.1 | 4.21 | 2.74-6.47 | < 0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal tract, (5.4.44.**.*, 5.4.10.**.*, 5.4.14.**.*, 5.4.08.**.*, 5.4.36.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 3 | 1.8 | 8 | 1.2 | 1.16 | 0.29-4.56 | 0.834 |
| Abdominal vessels, (5.2.**.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | Cannot be estimated | ||
| Diaphragm, (4.4.06.**.*), (AIS2-3) | 5 | 3.1 | 6 | 0.9 | 2.57 | 0.75-8.83 | 0.133 |
| Kidney, (5.4.16.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 38 | 23.3 | 31 | 4.5 | 5.17 | 3.04-8.82 | < 0.001 |
| Bladder, (5.4.06.**.*), (AIS2-4) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | Cannot be estimated | ||
| Genitourinary tract, (5.4.48.**.*, 5.4.06.**.*, 5.4.50.**.*, 5.4.52.**.*, 5.4.34.**.*, 5.4.56.**.*, 5.4.54.**.*, 5.4.30.**.*, 5.4.46.**.*), (AIS1-5) |
5 | 3.1 | 2 | 0.3 | 11.64 | 2.08-65.0 | 0.005 |
| Perineum, (5.4.32.**.*), (AIS1-3) | 2 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.1 | 7.77 | 0.60-100.0 | 0.116 |
| Spine, (6.**.**.*.*), (AIS2-5) | 45 | 27.6 | 98 | 14.1 | 2.40 | 1.57-3.65 | < 0.001 |
| Cervical spine, (6.3.02.**.*, 6.4.02.**.*, 6.5.02.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 30 | 18.4 | 77 | 11.1 | 2.11 | 1.30-3.43 | 0.003 |
| Thoracic spine, (6.3.04.**.*, 6.4.04.**.*, 6.5.04.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 18 | 11.0 | 25 | 3.6 | 2.90 | 1.50-5.62 | 0.002 |
| Lumbar spine, (6.3.06.**.*, 6.4.06.**.*, 6.5.06.**.*), (AIS2-5) | 3 | 1.8 | 5 | 0.7 | 2.79 | 0.62-12.55 | 0.182 |
| Upper extremities, (7.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-3) | 102 | 62.6 | 279 | 40.1 | 2.07 | 1.44-2.99 | < 0.001 |
| Upper limb skeletal trauma, (7.5.**.**.*), (AIS1-3) | 59 | 36.2 | 105 | 15.1 | 2.77 | 1.87-4.11 | < 0.001 |
| Humerus, (7.5.26.**.*), (AIS2-3) | 29 | 17.8 | 37 | 5.3 | 3.37 | 1.96-5.81 | < 0.001 |
| Forearm, (7.5.28.**.*, 7.5.32.**.*), (AIS2-3) | 29 | 17.8 | 23 | 3.3 | 5.79 | 3.17-10.57 | < 0.001 |
| Lower extremities, (8.*.**.**.*), (AIS1-5) | 114 | 69.9 | 271 | 39.0 | 3.15 | 2.16-4.60 | < 0.001 |
| Lower limb skeletal trauma, (8.5.**.**.* besides pelvis: 8.5.26.**.*, 8.5.28.**.*, 8.5.30.**.*), (AIS1-3) | 162 | 99.4 | 120 | 17.3 | 762.6 | 105.3-5525 | < 0.001 |
| Femur, (8.5.18.**.*), (AIS2-3) | 45 | 27.6 | 74 | 10.7 | 3.20 | 2.06-4.97 | < 0.001 |
| Tibia, (8.5.34.**.*, 8.5.16.**.*), (AIS1-3) | 38 | 23.3 | 38 | 5.5 | 4.44 | 2.68-7.36 | < 0.001 |
| Acetabulum-hip, (8.5.06.**.*, 8.5.26.00.2), (AIS1-2) | 4 | 2.5 | 3 | 0.4 | 5.63 | 1.15-27.65 | 0.033 |
| Foot fracture, (8.5.02.**.*, 8.5.04.**.*, 8.5.10.**.*, 8.5.12.**.*, 8.5.14.**.*, 8.5.20.**.*, 8.5.22.**.*, 8.5.32.**.*, 8.5.36.**.*), (AIS1-2) | 8 | 4.9 | 8 | 1.2 | 3.48 | 1.24-9.79 | 0.018 |
| Calcaneus fracture, (8.5.14.00.2), (AIS2) | 3 | 1.8 | 1 | 0.1 | 11.80 | 1.14-121.9 | 0.038 |
*The asterisks that follow the AIS-90 codes indicate that the complete range of injuries was included. Injuries are ranked on a scale of 1 to 6, with 1 being minor, 2 moderate, 3 serious, 4 severe, 5 critical, and 6 not compatible with life injury.
§PFx group versus control group.
AIS-90, Abbreviated Injury Scale - 1990 revision; OR, odds ratio; PFx, pelvic fractures.