Table 2.
Effect of family history of diabetes, genetic risk score, intervention, and clinical variables on the incidence of type 2 diabetes
| HR | 95% CI | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | |||
| Family history of T2DM | 0.78 | (0.57–1.06) | 0.118 |
| GRS (19 SNPs) | 1.04 | (0.90–1.20) | 0.617 |
| Intervention vs. control group | 0.55 | (0.41–0.75) | 1.2 × 10−4 |
| B | |||
| Family history of T2DM | 0.80 | (0.57–1.11) | 0.180 |
| GRS (19 SNPs) | 1.02 | (0.87–1.18) | 0.840 |
| Intervention vs. control group | 0.52 | (0.38–0.72) | 5.9 × 10−5 |
| Fasting glucose (baseline) | 1.69 | (1.44–1.99) | 2.2 × 10−10 |
| 2-h glucose (baseline) | 1.35 | (1.14–1.60) | 0.0005 |
| Fasting insulin (baseline) | 1.25 | (1.03–1.53) | 0.025 |
| 2-h insulin (baseline) | 0.81 | (0.63–1.02) | 0.076 |
| BMI (baseline) | 1.17 | (0.98–1.39) | 0.077 |
| C | |||
| Family history of T2DM | 0.92 | (0.65–1.29) | 0.609 |
| GRS (19 SNPs) | 1.02 | (0.88–1.18) | 0.797 |
| Intervention vs. control group | 0.74 | (0.52–1.06) | 0.106 |
| Fasting glucose (baseline) | 1.93 | (1.57–2.38) | 3.5 × 10−10 |
| Δ Fasting glucose (1-year change) | 1.15 | (0.96–1.38) | 0.129 |
| 2-h glucose (baseline) | 1.69 | (1.39–2.05) | 9.1 × 10−8 |
| Δ 2-h glucose (1-year change) | 1.62 | (1.32–1.98) | 3.4 × 10−6 |
| Fasting insulin (baseline) | 1.35 | (1.06–1.73) | 0.015 |
| Δ Fasting insulin (1-year change) | 1.18 | (0.97–1.44) | 0.103 |
| 2-h insulin (baseline) | 1.05 | (0.79–1.39) | 0.755 |
| Δ 2-h insulin (1-year change) | 1.36 | (1.05–1.75) | 0.018 |
| BMI (baseline) | 1.18 | (0.99–1.40) | 0.061 |
| Δ BMI (1-year change) | 1.19 | (0.98–1.44) | 0.084 |
For dichotomous variables, HRs are shown for the intervention group, FH+ of T2DM, and male subjects. For continuous variables, HRs are expressed as unit change per 1 SD. A, B, C represent alternative models: A = effects of FH, GRS, and intervention without clinical variables. B = including clinical variables at baseline. C = including 1-year changes in these variables (Cox regression, all models are adjusted for age, sex, baseline BMI, and study center). Boldface data indicate the significance of P value (P < 0.005 or less). T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.