Table 1.
Sex-specific metabolic characteristics in women and men by fasting blood glucose category
| Variables | Normal fasting glucose |
Impaired fasting glucose |
Known diabetes |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 1,131) | Men (n = 644) | P | Women (n = 180) | Men (n = 141) | P | Women (n = 214) | Men (n = 89) | P | |||
| Age (years) | 50 ± 12 | 49 ± 13 | 0.002 | 59 ± 10 | 56 ± 12 | 0.01 | 58 ± 10 | 57 ± 12 | 0.33 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.7 ± 7.3 | 28.5 ± 5.2 | <0.0001 | 34.2 ± 6.2 | 30.5 ± 5.0 | <0.0001 | 35.5 ± 7.3 | 32.0 ± 5.4 | <0.0001 | ||
| Waist circumference, in | 37.8 ± 6.2 | 38.1 ± 5.2 | 0.34 | 41.2 ± 6.1 | 41.0 ± 4.7 | 0.50 | 42.6 ± 6.1 | 42.3 ± 5.0 | 0.64 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 123 ± 18 | 124 ± 16 | 0.14 | 129 ± 17 | 130 ± 18 | 0.66 | 130 ± 17 | 133 ± 18 | 0.13 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78 ± 10 | 81 ± 10 | <0.0001 | 78 ± 10 | 82 ± 11 | 0.0002 | 77 ± 9 | 81 ± 10 | 0.0001 | ||
| Heart rate, bpm | 68 ± 9 | 65 ± 9 | <0.0001 | 68 ± 9 | 68 ± 12 | 0.85 | 71 ± 10 | 70 ± 9 | 0.33 | ||
| Hypertension, % | 48.8 | 43.3 | 0.06 | 76.1 | 67.4 | 0.08 | 87.4 | 8.0 | 0.22 | ||
| Total cholesterol/high-density lipids | 3.7 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | <0.0001 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | <0.0001 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 | ||
| Fasting triglycerides, mg/dL | 90 ± 51 | 106 ± 101 | 0.0002 | 111 ± 63 | 123 ± 82 | 0.15 | 126 ± 96 | 139 ± 130 | 0.37 | ||
| Mitral regurgitation, % | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.12 | 1.11 | 1.42 | 0.25 | 1.87 | 0.00 | 0.11 | ||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 87 ± 6 | 88 ± 6 | <0.0001 | 107 ± 6 | 107 ± 7 | 0.74 | 146 ± 60 | 149 ± 54 | 0.71 | ||
| Fasting insulin, IU p50 (25,75p)* | 15 (10,18) | 13 (9,16) | <0.0001 | 22 (15,27) | 18 (12,22) | 0.01 | 28 (16,32) | 38 (13,25) | 0.04 | ||
| HOMA-IR, IU p50 (25,75p)* | 2.8 (2.1,4.0) | 2.6 (1.9,3.5) | <0.0001 | 5.2 (3.9,7.2) | 4.3 (3.2,5.8) | 0.003 | 7.4 (4.7,12.4) | 6.3 (4.3,9.5) | 0.27 | ||
Data are shown as mean ± SD, unless indicated otherwise. P values = comparison by t tests, median test (for insulin and HOMAIR-IR) or χ2 tests. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model for the assessment insulin resistance.
*25,75p = 25th and 75th percentile.