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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: HIV Med. 2010 Aug 15;12(3):145–156. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00863.x

Fig. 1 — Upper Block. Effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on gingival epithelium growth and stratification. Primary gingival keratinocytes were grown in organotypic (raft) cultures and treated with different concentrations of lopinavir/ritonavir throughout the growth period. (Panels a, g, m, and s) untreated rafts; (Panels b, h, n and t) rafts treated with 3 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir; (Panels c, i, o and u) rafts treated with 6 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir; (Panels d, j, p and v) rafts treated with 9.8 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir; (Panels e, k, q and w) rafts treated with 13.5 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir; (Panels f, l, r and x) rafts treated with 16 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir. Rafts were harvested at different points and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (Panels a to f) rafts were harvested at day 4; (Panels g to l) rafts were harvested at day 8; (Panels m to r) rafts were harvested at day 12; (Panels s to x) rafts were harvested at day 16. Images are at 10 × original magnification.

Lower Block. Effect of 70% ethanol corresponding to the different drug treatments on gingival epithelium growth and stratification. Treatment with 3, 6, 9.8, 13.5 and 16 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir corresponds to exposure of raft cultures with 0.15, 0.3, 0.49, 0.69 and 0.8 µl of 70% ethanol per ml of E-media respectively.

Fig. 1 — Upper Block. Effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on gingival epithelium growth and stratification. Primary gingival keratinocytes were grown in organotypic (raft) cultures and treated with different concentrations of lopinavir/ritonavir throughout the growth period. (Panels a, g, m, and s) untreated rafts; (Panels b, h, n and t) rafts treated with 3 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir; (Panels c, i, o and u) rafts treated with 6 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir; (Panels d, j, p and v) rafts treated with 9.8 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir; (Panels e, k, q and w) rafts treated with 13.5 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir; (Panels f, l, r and x) rafts treated with 16 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir. Rafts were harvested at different points and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (Panels a to f) rafts were harvested at day 4; (Panels g to l) rafts were harvested at day 8; (Panels m to r) rafts were harvested at day 12; (Panels s to x) rafts were harvested at day 16. Images are at 10 × original magnification.

Lower Block. Effect of 70% ethanol corresponding to the different drug treatments on gingival epithelium growth and stratification. Treatment with 3, 6, 9.8, 13.5 and 16 µg/ml lopinavir/ritonavir corresponds to exposure of raft cultures with 0.15, 0.3, 0.49, 0.69 and 0.8 µl of 70% ethanol per ml of E-media respectively.