Table 1.
Characteristics of participants included in main analysis according to “statin ever-use” (definition 1) ‡ and Dementia or MCI status; Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
| Statin ever-use, total‡ |
Dementia/MCI status |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Statin never-user | Statin ever-user | No Dementia or MCI | Incident Dementia | Incident MCI | |
| N | 1,604 | 1,494 | 110 | 1,205 | 259 | 138 |
| Sex (% women) | 38.5 | 37.7 | 49.1* | 39.6 | 36.3 | 33.3 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||||||
| NH white | 91.4 | 91.8 | 86.4 | 89.8 | 97.1 | 95.7* |
| NH black | 7.3 | 7.0 | 10.9 | 8.6 | 2.5 | 4.3 |
| Others | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Education (yr.); mean (SD) | 16.6 (2.8) | 16.7 (2.8) | 15.7 (2.8)* | 16.7 (2.7) | 16.7 (2.8) | 16.0 (3.3)a* |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 40.3 | 40.1 | 42.1* | 38.7 | 42.4 | 50.0* |
| Former | 38.7 | 38.0 | 49.5 | 38.0 | 44.0 | 36.0 |
| Current | 21.0 | 21.9 | 8.4 | 23.3 | 13.6 | 14.0 |
| Type 2 diabetes (%) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 3.6~ |
| Hypertension (%) | 35.5 | 35.2 | 38.2 | 30.1 | 56.4 | 45.6* |
| Cardiovascular disease† (%) | 5.0 | 4.5 | 10.9* | 4.6 | 5.8 | 7.2 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 5.2 | 4.1 | 20.0* | 6.0 | 0.8 | 5.1* |
| Age at first-visit (yr.); mean (SD) | 57.6 (18.4) | 57.6 (18.4) | 63.5 (8.4)* | 51.5 (15.7) | 81.9 (7.7) | 65.7 (13.7)* |
| ≤20 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0* | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0* |
| 21–29 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 0.0 | 8.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 30–39 | 15.1 | 16.3 | 0.0 | 19.6 | 0.0 | 5.1 |
| 40–49 | 18.1 | 19.4 | 0.0 | 22.9 | 0.0 | 10.1 |
| 50–59 | 15.3 | 13.6 | 38.2 | 17.9 | 1.2 | 17.4 |
| 60–69 | 14.9 | 13.0 | 40.0 | 16.3 | 6.2 | 19.6 |
| 70–79 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 15.4 | 10.5 | 25.6 | 33.3 |
| 80+ | 15.6 | 16.3 | 6.4 | 4.7 | 67.2 | 14.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD) | 24.9 (3.6) | 24.9 (3.5) | 25.6 (3.7)* | 24.9 (3.6) | 24.7 (3.2) | 25.6 (3.3)* |
| Underweight (BMI≤18.5); % | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.0~ | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0.0~ |
| Normal weight (18.5≤BMI≤24.9) | 54.2 | 54.5 | 50.9 | 55.2 | 55.0 | 44.9 |
| Overweight (25.0≤BMI≤29.9) | 36.5 | 36.5 | 39.4 | 35.1 | 36.8 | 46.4 |
| Obese (BMI≥30) | 7.6 | 7.2 | 12.7 | 7.9 | 5.8 | 8.7 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg.); mean (SD) | 127.0 (19.0) | 126.8 (19.9) | 129.3 (19.4) | 126.1 (18.7) | 134.8 (20.5) a | 135.4 (20.6)a* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg.); mean (SD) | 79.1 (10.7) | 79.1 (10.8) | 79.3 (9.8) | 78.9 (10.6) | 80.8 (10.2) a | 81.3 (11.3)a* |
| Total cholesterol level (mg/dl.); mean (SD) | 219.9 (40.6) | 217.3 (40.0) | 245.5 (38.6)* | 218.9 (40.3) | 229.4 (36.1) a | 226.1 (41.8)* |
| HDL-C (mg/dl.); mean (SD) | 49.0 (13.0) | 49.8 (12.9) | 44.5 (13.0)* | 45.2 (10.5) | 45.1 (8.0) | 42.6(7.9) a* |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl.); mean (SD) | 98.5 (14.2) | 98.0 (13.5) | 102.5 (19.3)* | 97.7 (13.3) | 97.9 (10.4) | 103.7 (15.7)a* |
| Ever-used statins, total‡ | — | — | — | |||
| % | 8.0 | 2.3 | 5.1* | |||
| n | 97 | 6 | 7 | |||
| Ever-used statins, lipophilic | — | — | — | |||
| % | 7.3 | 2.3 | 3.6 | |||
| n | 88 | 6 | 5 | |||
| Ever-used statins, hydropophilic | — | — | — | |||
| % | 1.7 | 0.0 | 1.5 | |||
| n | 21 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Mean frequency of statin ever-use, (SD) | 0.26 (1.1) | 0.03 (0.24)a | 0.09 (0.56) | |||
| Range | 0–11 | 0–2 | 0–6 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI=Body Mass Index; HDL-C=High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol; Hg=Mercury; MCI=Mild Cognitive Impairment; NH=Non-Hispanic; SD=Standard Deviation.
p<0.10;
p<0.05 based on χ2 test or ANOVA.
Statistically significant (p<0.05) two-side t-test after bonferroni correction, comparing MCI or dementia group to “No Dementia or MCI” group.
Reported any of the following conditions at first-visit: stroke, congestive heart failure, non-fatal myocardial infarction or atrial fibrillation.
Statin use prior to onset of dementia or MCI among dementia or MCI cases and after age 50 for all subjects. The mean age of statin use among eligible participants at risk of dementia was 72.7 (Standard Deviation, SD=9.0; Range: 51.2–92.4 years).