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Experimental verification of the d-band model. (Upper) Experimental X-ray emission (XES) and X-ray adsorption (XAS) spectra for N adsorbed onto Ni and Cu surfaces. The bonding and antibonding states originating from the adsorbate pxy and pz states and the metal d states are clearly seen. For Cu with the lowest-lying d states, the antibonding states are filled and the adsorption bond is weak. Adapted from ref. 19.
