Table 3.
Multivariable Association between Sleep Disturbance and Odds of Greater Frailty Status
| Sleep Disturbance | Proportional Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Base Model* | Final Multivariable Model† | |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5 | 2.08 (1.80–2.41) | 1.28 (1.09–1.50) |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale >10 | 1.59 (1.29–1.97) | 1.12 (0.89–1.41) |
| Total sleep time ≤5 hrs | 1.27 (1.01–1.58) | 1.21 (0.96–1.54) |
| Sleep efficiency <70% | 1.60 (1.32–1.92) | 1.37 (1.12–1.67) |
| Sleep latency ≥60 minutes | 1.72 (1.36–2.18) | 1.42 (1.10–1.82) |
| ≥8 Long wake episodes | 1.27 (1.09–1.48) | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) |
| Respiratory Disturbance Index ≥15 | 1.37 (1.16–1.63) | 1.38 (1.15–1.65) |
| ≥10% of sleep time with SaO2 <90% | 1.31 (1.04–1.65) | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) |
| PLMA ≥5/hour | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) |
*
Adjusted for age, race, site, number of selected medical conditions, body mass index
†
Adjusted for age, race, site, health status, educational level, social support, alcohol intake, smoking status, antidepressant use, benzodiazepine use, nonbenzodiazepine nonbarbituate sedative hypnotic use, number of selected medical conditions, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, functional disabilities, and body mass index
Abbreviations: SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation;PLMA, periodic leg movements causing arousal/hour of sleep