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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Sep 28;57(11):2085–2093. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02490.x

Table 4.

Association between Sleep Parameters Expressed as Continuous Variables and Odds of Greater Frailty Status

Sleep Parameter Unit Proportional Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Base Model* Final Multivariable Model†
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 1 SD decrease 1.58 (1.47, 1.71) 1.17 (1.07, 1.27)
Epworth Sleepiness Scale 1 SD increase 1.21 (1.12, 1.29) 1.06 (0.98, 1.14)
Total sleep time 30 min decrease 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) 1.04 (1.00, 1.07)
Sleep efficiency 1 SD decrease 1.25 (1.16, 1.34) 1.16 (1.07, 1.26)
Sleep latency 30 min increase 1.18 (1.10, 1.26) 1.11 (1.03, 1.19)
Time awake after sleep onset 30 min increase 1.15 (1.10, 1.21) 1.08 (1.03, 1.15)
Long wake episodes 1 episode increase 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) 1.03 (1.00, 1.05)
Respiratory Disturbance Index 5 unit increase 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) 1.04 (1.01, 1.07)
*

Adjusted for age, race, site, number of selected medical conditions, body mass index

†

Adjusted for age, race, site, health status, educational level, social support, alcohol intake, smoking status, antidepressant use, benzodiazepine use, nonbenzodiazepine nonbarbituate sedative hypnotic use, number of selected medical conditions, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, functional disabilities, and body mass index