Table 3.
Longitudinal predictors of parent-reported HPV vaccine initiation (categorical variables in unadjusted analyses).
| No. of parents reporting at follow-up that their daughters had received HPV vaccine/total no. of parents in predictor category (weighted %) | RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | ||
| HPV knowledge | ||
| Had not heard of HPV | 10/90 (19.9) | 1.10 (.39–3.07) |
| Low knowledge | 43/180 (18.2) | (ref) |
| High knowledge (>60% correct) | 96/297 (37.0) | 2.04 (1.21–3.42)** |
| HPV vaccine | ||
| Intended to vaccinate daughter | ||
| Probably or definitely will not/Do not know | 23/219 (9.7) | (ref) |
| Probably or definitely will | 126/348 (38.1) | 3.93 (2.13–7.25)** |
| Believed daughter was in age group HPV vaccine is recommended for | ||
| No | 9/73 (11.7) | (ref) |
| Yes | 140/494 (30.3) | 2.59 (1.02–6.56)* |
| Believed daughter’s health insurance covered HPV vaccine | ||
| No | 11/50 (20.4) | .49 (.22–1.08) |
| Maybe/Don’t know | 94/411 (23.1) | .55 (.34-.91)* |
| Yes | 44/106 (41.6) | (ref) |
| Daughter’s doctor recommended HPV vaccine | ||
| No | 103/473 (23.0) | (ref) |
| Yes | 46/94 (51.0) | 2.22 (1.43–3.43)** |
| Reasons stated for not getting daughter HPV vaccine | ||
| Needed more information | ||
| No | 128/457 (31.7) | (ref) |
| Yes | 21/110 (10.9) | .34 (.18-.64)** |
| Daughter was too young | ||
| No | 134/485 (26.3) | (ref) |
| Yes | 15/82 (32.0) | 1.24 (.64–2.29) |
| Never heard of HPV vaccine | ||
| No | 142/514 (27.8) | (ref) |
| Yes | 7/53 (24.1) | .87 (.31–2.45) |
| Daughter not having sex | ||
| No | 135/499 (27.1) | (ref) |
| Yes | 14/68 (29.4) | 1.09 (.54–2.17) |
| Had not been to doctor/gotten around to it yet | ||
| No | 115/476 (26.1) | (ref) |
| Yes | 34/91 (25.0) | 1.44 (.91–2.30) |
| Doctor did not recommend or discouraged HPV vaccine | ||
| No | 135/524 (26.6) | (ref) |
| Yes | 14/43 (35.2) | 1.32 (.60–2.91) |
| HPV vaccine was too new | ||
| No | 137/528 (27.9) | (ref) |
| Yes | 12/39 (20.5) | .74 (.31–1.77) |
| History of HPV-related disease | ||
| Had cervical cancer (mother or someone parent cared about) | ||
| No | 98/394 (28.3) | (ref) |
| Yes | 51/173 (25.0) | .88 (.56–1.40) |
| Had genital warts (parent or someone parent cared about) | ||
| No | 122/456 (29.9) | (ref) |
| Yes | 27/111 (17.4) | .58 (.32–1.05) |
| Mother had hysterectomy1 | ||
| No | 118/439 (29.6) | (ref) |
| Yes | 23/93 (18.1) | .61 (.33–1.12) |
| Mother had abnormal pap test result1 | ||
| No | 56/212 (26.0) | (ref) |
| Yes | 62/225 (32.1) | 1.23 (.76–2.00) |
| Daughter demographic characteristics | ||
| Age | ||
| 10–12 years | 34/167 (27.8) | (ref) |
| 13–15 years | 57/194 (28.5) | 1.02 (.58–1.81) |
| 16–18 years | 58/206 (25.3) | .91 (.51–1.62) |
| Health insurance | ||
| Private | 124/468 (27.7) | (ref) |
| Public only | 17/71 (26.0) | .94 (.46–1.92) |
| None | 8/26 (29.7) | 1.07 (.48–2.38) |
| Parent demographic characteristics | ||
| Age | ||
| <40 years | 41/146 (31.3) | (ref) |
| 40+ years | 108/421 (23.3.) | .74 (.48–1.46) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 141/532 (27.4) | (ref) |
| Male | 8/35 (27.1) | .99 (.38–2.59) |
| Race | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 114/415 (28.6) | (ref) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 24/116 (24.9) | .87 (.48–1.60) |
| Hispanic or other | 11/36 (31.5) | 1.10 (.57–2.14) |
| Education | ||
| High school or less | 20/114 (18.7) | (ref) |
| Some college or more | 129/453 (30.7) | 1.64 (.75–3.61) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 133/489 (25.8) | (ref) |
| Other | 16/78 (33.6) | 1.30 (.66–2.55) |
| Annual household income | ||
| <$60,000 | 55/230 (27.5) | (ref) |
| $60,000+ | 87/311 (27.8) | 1.01 (.64–1.61) |
| Missing | 6/23 (20.1) | .73 (.26–2.10) |
| Residence | ||
| Rural | 83/283 (31.0) | (ref) |
| Urban | 66/284 (24.3) | .78 (.49–1.26) |
| Political affiliation | ||
| Conservative | 79/322 (26.0) | (ref) |
| Moderate or liberal | 69/242 (28.8) | 1.04 (.83–1.30) |
| Born again Christian | ||
| No | 62/199 (41.9) | (ref) |
| Yes | 86/365 (18.7) | .45 (.30-.67)*** |
Note. Predictors assessed in baseline interview, except for political affiliation and being a born-again Christian. Outcome assessed at follow-up. Analyses included parents who reported at baseline their daughters had not received any doses of HPV vaccine. RR = risk ratio. CI = confidence interval. (ref) = referent group.
*
p<.05,
**
p<.001
1
Asked only of mothers.