Table 2.
Hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular disease mortality by lifestyle practices, Leisure World Cohort Study, 1981–2007, women by age group.
| No. | Model 1* | Model 2* | No. | Model 1* | Model 2* | No. | Model 1* | Model 2* | No. | Model 1* | Model 2* | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||||
| Age at entry <70 years (n = 2599) | Age at entry 70–74 years (n = 2151) | Age at entry 75–79 years (n = 2051) | Age at entry 80+ years (n = 1643) | |||||||||||||||||
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Never | 1108 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1060 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1233 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1226 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Past | 986 | 1.11 | 0.96–1.29 | 1.12 | 0.96–1.30 | 792 | 1.02 | 0.90–1.15 | 1.03 | 0.91–1.17 | 627 | 1.22 | 1.08–1.38 | 1.25 | 1.10–1.42 | 345 | 1.10 | 0.95–1.28 | 1.13 | 0.97–1.31 |
| Current | 505 | 1.86 | 1.56–2.22 | 2.04 | 1.69–2.45 | 299 | 1.44 | 1.21–1.72 | 1.50 | 1.25–1.81 | 191 | 1.64 | 1.36–1.98 | 1.71 | 1.40–2.09 | 72 | 1.29 | 0.96–1.73 | 1.46 | 1.07–1.98 |
| Alcohol consumption drinks/day | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 607 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 576 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 544 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 609 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| <1 | 901 | 0.75 | 0.63–0.89 | 0.78 | 0.65–0.93 | 721 | 0.84 | 0.73–0.97 | 0.92 | 0.79–1.06 | 758 | 0.83 | 0.73–0.95 | 0.85 | 0.74–0.98 | 609 | 0.93 | 0.81–1.06 | 1.00 | 0.87–1.15 |
| 2-3 | 598 | 0.78 | 0.64–0.94 | 0.75 | 0.61–0.92 | 485 | 0.84 | 0.71–0.98 | 0.87 | 0.73–1.02 | 449 | 0.75 | 0.64–0.87 | 0.72 | 0.61–0.84 | 265 | 0.87 | 0.73–1.04 | 0.92 | 0.76–1.11 |
| 4+ | 493 | 0.93 | 0.76–1.13 | 0.88 | 0.71–1.08 | 369 | 0.95 | 0.80–1.13 | 0.95 | 0.79–1.14 | 300 | 0.81 | 0.68–0.96 | 0.74 | 0.62–0.90 | 160 | 0.94 | 0.76–1.16 | 1.01 | 0.81–1.27 |
| Caffeine consumption mg/day | ||||||||||||||||||||
| <50 | 640 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 559 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 602 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 558 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 50–99 | 330 | 0.90 | 0.71–1.13 | 0.95 | 0.76–1.20 | 322 | 0.89 | 0.74–1.07 | 0.90 | 0.75–1.09 | 286 | 0.99 | 0.83–1.18 | 1.03 | 0.86–1.22 | 240 | 0.90 | 0.75–1.08 | 0.91 | 0.76–1.09 |
| 100–199 | 592 | 0.95 | 0.79–1.15 | 0.97 | 0.80–1.17 | 560 | 0.87 | 0.75–1.02 | 0.88 | 0.76–1.03 | 535 | 0.95 | 0.82–1.10 | 1.00 | 0.86–1.16 | 433 | 0.88 | 0.76–1.03 | 0.89 | 0.76–1.04 |
| 200–399 | 716 | 0.91 | 0.75–1.09 | 0.92 | 0.76–1.11 | 529 | 0.84 | 0.72–0.98 | 0.87 | 0.74–1.02 | 486 | 1.03 | 0.89–1.19 | 1.07 | 0.92–1.25 | 327 | 0.77 | 0.65–0.91 | 0.75 | 0.63–0.90 |
| 400+ | 321 | 1.11 | 0.89–1.40 | 1.15 | 0.92–1.45 | 181 | 0.77 | 0.61–0.98 | 0.76 | 0.69–0.97 | 142 | 0.88 | 0.70–1.10 | 0.90 | 0.71–1.14 | 85 | 0.88 | 0.67–1.15 | 0.85 | 0.64–1.12 |
| Active activities hrs/day | ||||||||||||||||||||
| None | 392 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 372 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 466 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 582 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| <1/2 | 716 | 0.94 | 0.76–1.16 | 0.99 | 0.80–1.22 | 642 | 0.82 | 0.69–0.97 | 0.82 | 0.69–0.97 | 661 | 0.84 | 0.73–0.98 | 0.83 | 0.72–0.97 | 545 | 0.86 | 0.74–0.99 | 0.89 | 0.77–1.04 |
| 3/4–1 | 992 | 0.77 | 0.63–0.94 | 0.82 | 0.67–1.01 | 772 | 0.72 | 0.61–0.84 | 0.75 | 0.63–0.89 | 689 | 0.76 | 0.66–0.88 | 0.80 | 0.69–0.93 | 414 | 0.68 | 0.58–0.79 | 0.71 | 0.60–0.83 |
| 2+ | 499 | 0.73 | 0.58–0.92 | 0.76 | 0.61–0.97 | 365 | 0.66 | 0.66–0.81 | 0.70 | 0.58–0.86 | 235 | 0.72 | 0.59–0.88 | 0.81 | 0.66–0.99 | 102 | 0.64 | 0.49–0.83 | 0.71 | 0.54–0.93 |
| Other activities hrs/day | ||||||||||||||||||||
| <2 | 238 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 197 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 242 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 268 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 2-3 | 881 | 0.92 | 0.72–1.17 | 0.95 | 0.74–1.21 | 810 | 0.90 | 0.73–1.10 | 0.88 | 0.71–1.09 | 837 | 0.90 | 0.76–1.08 | 0.93 | 0.77–1.11 | 702 | 0.76 | 0.64–0.90 | 0.84 | 0.70–1.00 |
| 4-5 | 754 | 0.93 | 0.73–1.18 | 0.98 | 0.76–1.25 | 619 | 0.78 | 0.63–0.96 | 0.83 | 0.66–1.03 | 549 | 0.84 | 0.70–1.02 | 0.87 | 0.72–1.05 | 408 | 0.73 | 0.61–0.88 | 0.82 | 0.68–0.99 |
| 6+ | 726 | 0.84 | 0.65–1.07 | 0.85 | 0.66–1.09 | 525 | 0.69 | 0.55–0.86 | 0.68 | 0.54–0.84 | 423 | 0.77 | 0.63–0.94 | 0.81 | 0.66–0.99 | 265 | 0.65 | 0.52–0.80 | 0.72 | 0.60–0.89 |
| Body mass index kg/m2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| <18.5 | 89 | 2.19 | 1.59–3.02 | 2.36 | 1.70–3.26 | 102 | 1.27 | 0.96–1.67 | 1.29 | 0.96–1.67 | 124 | 1.36 | 1.09–1.70 | 1.34 | 1.07–1.69 | 152 | 1.45 | 1.18–1.79 | 1.50 | 1.22–1.86 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1773 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1473 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1464 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1188 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 25–29.9 | 580 | 1.17 | 1.00–1.37 | 1.03 | 0.88–1.21 | 487 | 1.06 | 0.92–1.21 | 0.97 | 0.84–1.11 | 400 | 0.97 | 0.84–1.11 | 0.87 | 0.75–1.00 | 261 | 0.92 | 0.78–1.09 | 0.91 | 0.78–1.08 |
| 30+ | 157 | 1.39 | 1.05–1.83 | 1.13 | 0.85–1.50 | 89 | 1.55 | 1.19–2.00 | 1.38 | 1.06–1.79 | 63 | 1.34 | 0.99–1.81 | 1.09 | 0.80–1.48 | 42 | 1.44 | 1.03–2.03 | 1.39 | 0.98–1.97 |
*Model 1: adjusted for age at entry; Model 2: adjusted for age at entry, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, active activities, other activities, body mass index, high blood pressure, angina, heart attack, stroke, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.