Table I.

Bovine specific primers for detection of DNA damage and mitochondrial-encoded genes.

Target	Primer sequence (5′ to 3′)	Product (base pairs)
mtDNA-long		13 353
forward	ATG AGT TGG TAG TTT CGG TTG GGG TG
reverse	ATT CTG TGG TCT GTG TAT GGG CGT GT
mtDNA-short		232
forward	CAT ACT CCT CTG TAA GCC ACA TAG C
reverse	AGA CTT GCT AGT AGT CAT CAG GTG G
nDNA-long		13 823
forward	ACA TGC TCC AAC GGC TGC AA
reverse	TGG CAG GGT CCG AAA ATT GCT
nDNA-short		241
forward	TAA GGC TCC CTG CCT CTA CA
reverse	ACC CTT CAA CTT CCA CGA TG
ND1		297
forward	AGG ACC ATT TGC CCT CTT CT
reverse	GGT GGG ATG CCT GAT GTA AG
ND4		269
forward	CCT ACA AAC GCT CCT TCC AC
reverse	TGA GTG CAT TTT CCC GTG TA
ND6		250
forward	CGT GAT AGG TTT TGT GGG GT
reverse	GCC AGT AAC AAA TGC CCC TA
Cytochrome b		298
forward	CGA TAC ATA CAC GCA AAC GG
reverse	AGA ATC GGG TAA GGG TTG CT
β-actin		205
forward	CCTCTATGCCAACACAGTGC
reverse	CATCGTACTCCTGCTTGCTG