Table 3.
Bivariate Associations of Patient Characteristics With PTSD Symptoms (PCL-C Score)
| No. of Patients |
PCL-C Score |
Correlation (r) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Mean | SD | P* | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 429 | 26.8 | 9.9 | .511 | |
| Female | 439 | 27.2 | 9.9 | ||
| Race | |||||
| White | 745 | 26.4 | 9.1 | Ref, < .001* | |
| African American | 85 | 29.1 | 12.8 | .064 | |
| American Indian | 3 | 34.7 | 6.5 | .118 | |
| Asian | 2 | 32.5 | 13.4 | .347 | |
| Mixed Race | 30 | 33.8 | 13.1 | .005 | |
| Other | 3 | 43.3 | 21.9 | .313 | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 13 | 31.9 | 15.7 | .276 | |
| Non-Hispanic | 855 | 27.0 | 9.8 | ||
| Income | −0.148 | < .001 | |||
| < $30,000 | 217 | 29.6 | 11.4 | Ref, < .001* | |
| $30,000-$59,999 | 238 | 26.6 | 9.8 | .003 | |
| $60,000-$89,999 | 138 | 26.5 | 9.5 | .006 | |
| ≥ $90,000 | 189 | 25.3 | 8.0 | < .001 | |
| Education | −0.110 | .001 | |||
| High school or less | 243 | 28.9 | 11.1 | < .001 | |
| Some college or trade school |
276 | 27.2 | 10.4 | .017 | |
| College or more | 333 | 25.4 | 7.9 | Ref, < .001* | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 642 | 26.8 | 9.8 | Ref, .095* | |
| Living with partner | 24 | 29.0 | 9.3 | .277 | |
| Widowed | 88 | 26.7 | 9.3 | .915 | |
| Separated | 5 | 37.4 | 11.2 | .017 | |
| Divorced | 43 | 26.5 | 7.8 | .851 | |
| Single | 63 | 28.9 | 12.2 | .184 | |
| Employment status | |||||
| Employed | 346 | 26.4 | 8.9 | Ref, .117* | |
| Unemployed | 43 | 29.6 | 12.2 | .106 | |
| Retired | 466 | 27.1 | 10.1 | .300 | |
| Age at enrollment, years |
−0.145 | < .001 | |||
| 25-49 | 152 | 29.1 | 11.5 | Ref, < .001* | |
| 50-64 | 317 | 27.8 | 10.2 | .221 | |
| 65-79 | 311 | 25.9 | 8.8 | .003 | |
| 80+ | 88 | 24.6 | 8.4 | .001 | |
| Clinical characteristics for NHL |
|||||
| Histology | |||||
| Aggressive | 384 | 26.7 | 9.6 | .491 | |
| Indolent | 437 | 27.2 | 10.2 | ||
| Stage at diagnosis | 0.106 | .004 | |||
| I | 244 | 25.4 | 8.6 | Ref, .015* | |
| II | 153 | 27.4 | 9.1 | .027 | |
| III | 145 | 28.0 | 10.3 | .008 | |
| IV | 212 | 28.0 | 10.9 | .006 | |
| Total No. of treatment types ever |
0.128 | < .001 | |||
| 0 | 35 | 27.0 | 12.2 | Ref, < .001* | |
| 1 | 216 | 26.2 | 9.1 | .655 | |
| 2 | 338 | 26.1 | 8.8 | .581 | |
| 3 | 192 | 27.4 | 10.1 | .840 | |
| 4 | 65 | 31.1 | 12.4 | .118 | |
| 5 | 19 | 34.1 | 15.5 | .072 | |
| 6 | 2 | 28.0 | 4.2 | .912 | |
| Surgery | |||||
| Yes | 245 | 27.8 | 10.5 | .188 | |
| No | 599 | 26.8 | 9.7 | ||
| Radiation therapy | |||||
| Yes | 415 | 27.1 | 10.3 | .937 | |
| No | 453 | 27.0 | 9.6 | ||
| Chemotherapy | |||||
| Yes | 685 | 27.3 | 9.9 | .100 | |
| No | 183 | 26.0 | 10.0 | ||
| Bone marrow or stem- cell transplantation |
|||||
| Yes | 131 | 30.9 | 12.8 | < .001 | |
| No | 737 | 26.3 | 9.1 | ||
| Biologic treatment | |||||
| Yes | 260 | 28.4 | 10.9 | .010 | |
| No | 608 | 26.5 | 9.4 | ||
| Current treatment | |||||
| Yes | 116 | 29.1 | 10.2 | .012 | |
| No | 743 | 26.6 | 9.7 | ||
| Active disease | |||||
| Yes | 107 | 30.5 | 12.1 | .001 | |
| No | 675 | 26.1 | 9.0 | ||
| Recurrence(s) | |||||
| Yes | 291 | 28.5 | 10.8 | .002 | |
| No | 554 | 26.2 | 9.4 | ||
| Frequency of visits | 0.193 | < .001 | |||
| 0 | 167 | 24.6 | 8.2 | Ref, < .001* | |
| 1-2 | 125 | 26.0 | 9.1 | .185 | |
| 3-4 | 137 | 26.5 | 9.6 | .063 | |
| 5-6 | 129 | 26.4 | 8.4 | .066 | |
| 7-10 | 89 | 28.6 | 10.9 | .001 | |
| 11-20 | 85 | 28.9 | 10.6 | < .001 | |
| > 20 | 112 | 30.8 | 12.4 | < .001 | |
| Site of treatment | |||||
| Duke University | 735 | 26.8 | 9.6 | .063 | |
| UNC | 133 | 28.5 | 11.1 | ||
| Age at diagnosis, years |
−0.083 | .015 | |||
| Time since diagnosis, years |
−0.108 | .001 | |||
| Health status | |||||
| Comorbidity score, 0-36 | 0.273 | < .001 | |||
| Time since last physical exam, years |
0.085 | .013 | |||
| Secondary cancer | |||||
| Yes | 119 | 27.0 | 9.3 | .989 | |
| No | 743 | 27.0 | 10.0 | ||
| Psychosocial | |||||
| Social support score, 20-100 |
−0.355 | < .001 | |||
| Appraisal of life threat and treatment intensity score, 6-30 |
0.369 | < .001 | |||
| Insurance and employment issues related to cancer score, 0-24 |
0.274 | < .001 | |||
Abbreviations: PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PCL-C, PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version; SD, standard deviation; NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; UNC, University of North Carolina.
*
P values are for the overall F-test for the categorical variable with k – 1 df, where k is the number of categories.