Table 2.

Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer in the Black Women's Health Study, 1995–2007

	All Women					Premenopausal Women			Postmenopausal Women
	Cases, No.	Person-Years	IRRa	IRRb	95% CI	Cases, No.	IRRb	95% CI	Cases, No.	IRRb	95% CI
Total fruits and vegetables, servings
<1/day	222	125,279	1.00	1.00	Referent	121	1.00	Referent	78	1.00	Referent
1/day	365	164,217	1.01	1.00	0.85, 1.19	186	1.08	0.86, 1.37	133	0.80	0.60, 1.06
2–3/day	474	184,590	0.98	0.97	0.82, 1.15	186	0.98	0.77, 1.25	244	0.89	0.68, 1.16
≥4/day	207	80,442	0.87	0.87	0.71, 1.07	69	0.90	0.65, 1.23	115	0.76	0.56, 1.04
Ptrend				0.14			0.31			0.24
Pinteraction						0.40
Total vegetables, servings
<4/week	261	140,397	1.00	1.00	Referent	141	1.00	Referent	95	1.00	Referent
4–6/week	283	128,079	0.97	0.96	0.81, 1.14	136	0.97	0.76, 1.23	114	0.87	0.66, 1.15
1/day	449	175,086	1.00	0.99	0.84, 1.16	187	0.97	0.77, 1.22	209	0.91	0.71, 1.17
≥2/day	275	110,965	0.88	0.87	0.73, 1.05	98	0.82	0.62, 1.08	152	0.86	0.65, 1.14
Ptrend				0.14			0.15			0.47
Pinteraction						0.82
Cruciferous, servings
<1/week	202	109,756	1.00	1.00	Referent	113	1.00	Referent	67	1.00	Referent
1–2/week	526	233,548	0.94	0.94	0.80, 1.11	243	0.93	0.75, 1.17	227	0.93	0.71, 1.23
3–5/week	350	128,914	1.00	1.01	0.84, 1.21	155	1.12	0.87, 1.44	156	0.89	0.66, 1.20
≥6/week	190	82,310	0.80	0.80	0.65, 0.99	51	0.59	0.42, 0.83	120	0.94	0.68, 1.28
Ptrend				0.06			0.01			0.86
Pinteraction						0.007
Green leafy, servings
<1/week	275	140,934	1.00	1.00	Referent	138	1.00	Referent	113	1.00	Referent
1–2/week	402	179,738	0.97	0.96	0.82, 1.12	183	0.94	0.75, 1.17	172	0.92	0.72, 1.16
3–5/week	379	150,169	0.98	0.96	0.82, 1.13	164	0.99	0.79, 1.26	168	0.84	0.66, 1.07
≥6/week	212	83,687	0.91	0.90	0.75, 1.09	77	0.84	0.62, 1.12	117	0.92	0.70, 1.21
Ptrend				0.32			0.34			0.65
Pinteraction						0.45
Yellow-orange, servings
<1/week	359	169,476	1.00	1.00	Referent	182	1.00	Referent	132	1.00	Referent
1–2/week	463	198,255	0.91	0.90	0.78, 1.03	210	0.91	0.74, 1.11	204	0.88	0.70, 1.10
3–5/week	267	116,244	0.82	0.81	0.68, 0.95	103	0.76	0.59, 0.98	138	0.84	0.66, 1.08
≥6/week	179	70,552	0.88	0.87	0.72, 1.05	67	0.83	0.62, 1.12	96	0.92	0.70, 1.22
Ptrend				0.13			0.12			0.77
Pinteraction						0.88
Total fruits, servings
<2/week	239	129,616	1.00	1.00	Referent	137	1.00	Referent	77	1.00	Referent
2–6/week	440	208,291	0.94	0.94	0.80, 1.10	205	0.87	0.70, 1.08	179	0.94	0.72, 1.23
1/day	404	145,174	1.05	1.04	0.88, 1.23	150	0.97	0.76, 1.23	215	1.09	0.83, 1.43
≥2/day	185	71,446	0.89	0.91	0.74, 1.11	70	1.00	0.74, 1.35	99	0.86	0.63, 1.18
Ptrend				0.69			0.66			0.55
Pinteraction						0.57
Citrus, servings
<1/week	585	277,050	1.00	1.00	Referent	270	1.00	Referent	244	1.00	Referent
1–2/week	321	138,685	1.01	1.00	0.88, 1.16	153	1.11	0.91, 1.35	141	0.96	0.78, 1.18
3–5/week	250	89,114	1.10	1.15	0.99, 1.34	86	1.03	0.81, 1.32	135	1.19	0.96, 1.47
≥6/week	112	49,678	0.88	0.90	0.73, 1.11	53	1.20	0.88, 1.62	50	0.74	0.54, 1.01
Ptrend				0.83			0.30			0.27
Pinteraction						0.05
Other fruit, servings
<2/week	345	190,232	1.00	1.00	Referent	191	1.00	Referent	116	1.00	Referent
2–4/week	361	155,521	1.05	1.04	0.89, 1.21	160	0.97	0.78, 1.20	159	1.07	0.84, 1.36
5–8/week	308	120,172	1.00	1.00	0.85, 1.17	128	1.04	0.83, 1.31	146	0.93	0.72, 1.19
≥9/week	254	88,603	1.00	1.01	0.85, 1.19	83	1.02	0.78, 1.33	149	1.02	0.79, 1.32
Ptrend				0.91			0.75			0.88
Pinteraction						0.63

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio.

^aAdjusted for age and energy intake.

^bAdjusted for age, energy intake, age at menarche, body mass index at age 18 years, family history of breast cancer, education, geographic region, parity, age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status, age at menopause, menopausal hormone use, vigorous activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, and multivitamin use.