Table 3.

Intake of Individual Fruits and Vegetables in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer in the Black Women's Health Study, 1995–2007

	All Women					Premenopausal Women			Postmenopausal Women
	Cases, No.	Person-Years	IRRa	IRRb	95% CI	Cases, No.	IRRb	95% CI	Cases, No.	IRRb	95% CI
Cruciferous vegetables
Broccoli, servings
<1/month	88	46,088	1.00	1.00	Referent	44	1.00	Referent	34	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	485	226,018	0.94	0.92	0.74, 1.16	235	0.96	0.69, 1.33	204	0.90	0.62, 1.30
1–2/week	436	168,646	1.02	0.99	0.79, 1.25	189	1.00	0.71, 1.39	195	0.93	0.64, 1.34
≥3/week	259	113,776	0.87	0.85	0.67, 1.09	94	0.74	0.51, 1.07	137	0.91	0.62, 1.34
Ptrend				0.19			0.03			0.92
Pinteraction						0.37
Collard greens, servings
<1/month	152	96,375	1.00	1.00	Referent	86	1.00	Referent	50	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	746	309,578	1.13	1.14	0.96, 1.36	348	1.22	0.96, 1.55	317	1.07	0.79, 1.45
1–2/week	267	99,724	1.10	1.11	0.91, 1.37	95	1.11	0.82, 1.49	145	1.14	0.82, 1.58
≥3/week	103	48,851	0.81	0.84	0.65, 1.08	33	0.81	0.54, 1.21	58	0.85	0.57, 1.25
Ptrend				0.03			0.11			0.22
Pinteraction						0.70
Cabbage, servings
<1/month	241	136,035	1.00	1.00	Referent	124	1.00	Referent	87	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	781	324,155	1.05	1.05	0.91, 1.22	361	1.17	0.95, 1.43	340	0.95	0.75, 1.21
1–2/week	191	71,823	0.99	0.99	0.81, 1.20	58	0.91	0.66, 1.25	113	1.02	0.77, 1.36
≥3/week	55	22,515	0.87	0.88	0.66, 1.19	19	0.99	0.61, 1.62	30	0.80	0.52, 1.22
Ptrend				0.26			0.41			0.49
Pinteraction						0.25
Green leafy vegetables
Spinach, servings
<1/month	349	175,829	1.00	1.00	Referent	179	1.00	Referent	130	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	563	237,574	0.96	0.96	0.83, 1.10	236	0.91	0.75, 1.11	264	0.98	0.79, 1.21
1–2/week	267	95,879	1.08	1.08	0.91, 1.27	111	1.03	0.81, 1.32	132	1.14	0.89, 1.46
≥3/week	89	45,245	0.78	0.79	0.62, 1.00	36	0.73	0.51, 1.05	44	0.84	0.59, 1.19
Ptrend				0.24			0.27			0.68
Pinteraction						0.94
Green salad, servings
<1/week	392	199,755	1.00	1.00	Referent	186	1.00	Referent	167	1.00	Referent
1–2/week	399	170,078	1.03	1.01	0.88, 1.16	183	1.06	0.86, 1.30	174	0.94	0.76, 1.16
≥3/week	477	184,694	1.01	0.99	0.86, 1.14	193	1.03	0.83, 1.27	229	0.89	0.72, 1.10
Ptrend				0.80			0.86			0.29
Pinteraction						0.50
Yellow-orange vegetables
Carrots, servings
<1/month	138	72,624	1.00	1.00	Referent	80	1.00	Referent	47	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	601	244,640	1.02	0.99	0.82, 1.20	270	0.89	0.69, 1.15	259	1.02	0.75, 1.40
1–2/week	315	140,185	0.87	0.84	0.68, 1.03	123	0.69	0.51, 0.92	158	0.93	0.67, 1.30
≥3/week	214	97,078	0.86	0.83	0.67, 1.04	89	0.71	0.52, 0.97	106	0.94	0.66, 1.33
Ptrend				0.02			0.03			0.49
Pinteraction						0.65
Yams, servings
<1/month	316	161,377	1.00	1.00	Referent	151	1.00	Referent	128	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	797	333,851	0.99	0.99	0.86, 1.13	356	1.09	0.90, 1.32	353	0.86	0.70, 1.06
≥1/week	155	59,300	0.90	0.90	0.74, 1.10	55	1.04	0.76, 1.43	89	0.82	0.62, 1.08
Ptrend				0.27			0.88			0.30
Pinteraction						0.20
Tomatoes, servings
<1/month	355	169,123	1.00	1.00	Referent	172	1.00	Referent	136	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	495	222,613	0.94	0.92	0.80, 1.06	224	0.90	0.73, 1.10	222	0.99	0.80, 1.23
1–2/week	275	112,208	0.95	0.93	0.79, 1.10	120	0.97	0.76, 1.23	127	0.91	0.71, 1.17
≥3/week	143	50,583	1.06	1.04	0.85, 1.27	46	0.84	0.60, 1.18	85	1.27	0.96, 1.68
Ptrend				0.56			0.56			0.13
Pinteraction						0.17
Citrus fruit
Grapefruit, servingsc
<1/month	646	299,263	1.00	1.00	Referent	300	1.00	Referent	271	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	386	165,269	0.93	0.93	0.82, 1.06	174	1.06	0.88, 1.28	178	0.86	0.71, 1.04
1–2/week	125	48,279	0.90	0.91	0.75, 1.11	45	0.98	0.72, 1.35	64	0.78	0.59, 1.03
≥3/week	111	41,717	0.94	0.95	0.78, 1.17	43	1.17	0.84, 1.61	57	0.81	0.61, 1.09
Ptrend				0.70			0.42			0.21
Pinteraction						0.21
Oranges, servingsc
<1/month	252	115,467	1.00	1.00	Referent	107	1.00	Referent	113	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	492	216,910	1.09	1.09	0.94, 1.27	223	1.06	0.84, 1.34	216	1.18	0.94, 1.48
1–2/week	247	108,490	1.01	1.02	0.85, 1.21	118	1.10	0.85, 1.44	105	0.96	0.73, 1.26
≥3/week	277	113,660	1.01	1.03	0.87, 1.23	114	1.09	0.83, 1.42	136	1.01	0.79, 1.31
Ptrend				0.80			0.58			0.42
Pinteraction						0.39
Other fruit
Apples, servings
<1/month	130	68,431	1.00	1.00	Referent	63	1.00	Referent	51	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	447	210,573	1.04	1.02	0.84, 1.25	213	1.01	0.76, 1.34	182	1.02	0.74, 1.39
1–2/week	321	137,210	1.01	0.99	0.80, 1.22	146	1.03	0.76, 1.39	145	0.96	0.69, 1.33
≥3/week	370	138,314	1.03	1.02	0.83, 1.25	140	1.04	0.76, 1.41	192	0.99	0.72, 1.36
Ptrend				0.98			0.79			0.87
Pinteraction						0.85
Bananas, servings
<1/month	145	81,143	1.00	1.00	Referent	77	1.00	Referent	52	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	365	176,005	1.09	1.08	0.89, 1.31	191	1.05	0.81, 1.37	133	1.10	0.80, 1.52
1–2/week	347	145,259	1.07	1.06	0.87, 1.29	142	0.94	0.71, 1.25	168	1.16	0.84, 1.58
≥3/week	411	152,121	1.03	1.03	0.85, 1.26	152	1.08	0.82, 1.43	217	1.01	0.74, 1.37
Ptrend				0.79			0.66			0.47
Pinteraction						0.40
Cantaloupe, servings
<1/month	307	172,631	1.00	1.00	Referent	167	1.00	Referent	110	1.00	Referent
1–3/month	548	232,151	1.03	1.02	0.88, 1.17	238	1.00	0.82, 1.23	250	0.99	0.79, 1.24
1–2/week	258	96,244	1.04	1.03	0.87, 1.22	104	1.05	0.82, 1.35	127	0.97	0.75, 1.26
≥3/week	155	53,502	1.11	1.11	0.91, 1.35	53	1.05	0.76, 1.43	83	1.10	0.82, 1.46
Ptrend				0.30			0.68			0.51
Pinteraction						0.89

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio.

^aAdjusted for age and energy intake.

^bAdjusted for age, energy intake, age at menarche, body mass index at age 18 years, family history of breast cancer, education, geographic region, parity, age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status, age at menopause, menopausal hormone use, vigorous activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, and multivitamin use.

^cBaseline diet only.