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. 2010 Nov 25;173(1):38–47. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq339

Table 2.

Relation of Breast Cancer Risk to Tubal Sterilization Before Menopause in the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, 1994–1998

Exposure Variable No. of Case Patients No. of Control Participants Adjusted Odds Ratioa 95% Confidence Interval
Tubal sterilization and another reproductive surgery
    No reproductive surgery 2,339 2,174 1.00 Referent
    No tubal sterilization, but other reproductive surgeryb 925 1,133 0.74 0.66, 0.83
    Tubal sterilization 1,226 1,304 0.93 0.84, 1.03
        Plus hysterectomy or ovariectomy 326 385 0.83 0.70, 0.99
        Alone 900 919 0.97 0.86, 1.09
    Age at tubal sterilization, yearsc
        <28 178 199 0.90 0.72, 1.12
        28–31 203 208 0.99 0.80, 1.22
        32–35 244 240 1.01 0.83, 1.22
        ≥36 275 272 0.97 0.81, 1.16
    Calendar year of tubal sterilizationc
        <1975 212 226 0.90 0.73, 1.10
        1975–1979 216 223 0.92 0.75, 1.13
        1980–1984 213 194 1.09 0.88, 1.34
        ≥1985 259 276 0.98 0.81, 1.18
a

Adjusted for age (continuous), race (white or black), study site (Atlanta, Detroit, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, or Seattle), age at menarche (continuous), first-degree family history of breast cancer (yes, no, or unknown/adopted), number of term pregnancies (0, 1, 2, or ≥3), educational status (some high school or less, high school graduate, some college or technical school, or college graduate or higher), and duration of hormone therapy use (never, 0–6 months, >6 months to <5 years, or ≥5 years).

b

Includes women with hysterectomy and/or ovariectomy.

c

Restricted to women who had a tubal sterilization without hysterectomy or ovariectomy.