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. 2010 Aug 6;26(19):2375–2382. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq448

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

A simulation example with 500 cases and 500 controls. There are three genes. Gene 1 (red) contains one common causal variant (MAF 10% and RR 1.2) and four neutral rare variants. Gene 2 (green) contains five causal rare variants (MAF 1% and RR 5) and five neutral rare variants. Gene 3 (blue) contains 10 neutral rare variants. All neutral rare variants have MAF 1% and RR 1. The wild-type penetrance f0 is set at 0.01. The pure lasso penalty (λL/λ = 1) picks up significant variants (common and rare) sequentially. The pure group penalty (λL/λ = 0) picks up the genes (groups) 1, 2 and 3 sequentially. The mixed group plus lasso penalty (λL/λ = 0.75 or 0.50) achieves a good compromise between the two.