Variations of (a) Young's modulus, (b) strength, (c) toughness, and (d) size of an N-level quasi-self-similar hierarchical material. (a,b) Turquoise circles, equal-strength criterion; blue triangles, combined criterion, Θp = 35%; red squares, combined criterion, Θp = 100%. (c,d) Purple pentagons, equal strength criterion, Θp = 35%; turquoise circles, equal strength criterion, Θp = 100%; blue triangles, combined criterion, Θp = 35%; red squares, combined criterion, Θp = 100%.