Figure 2.

Increased energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity in CRTC3−/− mice. A. Relative energy expenditure and oxygen consumption in wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice under high fat diet feeding conditions. B. Metabolic cage analysis of food intake and physical activity in wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice maintained on a HFD for 12 weeks. C. Top, circulating concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) in wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice under ad libitum feeding conditions. Bottom, hematoxylin-eosin staining of hepatic sections showing relative amounts of lipid in HFD fed wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice. (**; P<0.01) D. Top, Circulating leptin concentrations in NC and HFD-fed wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice. Bottom, effect of leptin (3mg/kg) or vehicle injection (IP) on energy expenditure in wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice. (*; P<0.05. ***; P<0.001.) E. Top, immunohistochemical analysis of WAT sections from wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice using F4/80 antiserum to visualize resident adipose tissue macrophages. Scale bar, 50μm. Bottom, Q-PCR analysis of mRNA amounts for macrophage-specific genes in WAT from HFD-fed wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice. F. Circulating concentrations of insulin (top), insulin tolerance testing (middle), and glucose tolerance testing (bottom) of wild-type and CRTC3−/− mice maintained a high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Insulin levels on NC diet (top) shown for comparison. (*; P<0.05. **; P<0.01. ***; P<0.001.)