Expression of TLR6 inhibits PDG-induced trophoblast apoptosis. Wild-type trophoblast cells or TLR6+ trophoblast cells were incubated with either no treatment or PDG at 40 μg/ml for 48 h, after which cell lysates were prepared and caspase activity was determined. Bar graph, The percent increase in caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 activity induced by PDG relative to the untreated control. Expression of TLR6 significantly inhibited activation of caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 induced by PDG when compared with the response of the wild-type cells (*, p < 0.001).