Expression of TLR6 reverses the inhibitory effect of PDG on trophoblast cytokine production. Wild-type first trimester trophoblast cells (HTR8 and 3A) and the trophoblast cells stably transfected with TLR6 (TLR6+) were treated with PDG at 0, 10, 20, or 40 μg/ml, after which cell-free supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-8 and IL-6 using the Beadlyte multiplex assay. A, Bar graphs show that in the HTR8 wild-type cells IL-8 and IL-6 content (lysates) and secretion (supernatants) was significantly reduced after 24 h of treatment with PDG in a dose-dependent manner. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.001 relative to the untreated control (0). B, After incubation with either no treatment (NT) or PDG (40 μg/ml) for 48 h, IL-8 and IL-6 secretion was inhibited in the wild-type 3A cells; however, in the TLR6+ cells, IL-8 and IL-6 secretion was significantly increased after PDG treatment (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.005).