Table 5.
Analysis of Categorical Variables by Depression Status
| PHQ-Depression (n = 47 [29%]) | Subjective Depression (n = 21 [13%]) | Nondepression (n = 93 [58%]) | P Value | P Value | |
| Variable | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 vs 0a | 1 vs 2b |
| Demographic | |||||
| Age, n (%), y | .557 (NS) | .879 (NS) | |||
| 18–49 | 21 (45) | 11 (52) | 47 (51) | ||
| ≥ 50 | 26 (55) | 10 (48) | 46 (49) | ||
| Gender, n (%) | .773 (NS) | .880 (NS) | |||
| Male | 12 (24) | 5 (24) | 25 (27) | ||
| Female | 35 (76) | 16 (76) | 68 (73) | ||
| Work status, n (%) | .770 (NS) | .341 (NS) | |||
| Full-time or part-time | 18 (38) | 10 (48) | 55 (59) | ||
| Out of work force, retired, student, disability | 13 (28) | 5 (24) | 11 (12) | ||
| Unemployed | 16 (34) | 6 (29) | 27 (29) | ||
| Income level, n (%) | .222 (NS) | .980 (NS) | |||
| < $10,000 | 22 (48) | 6 (33) | 30 (35) | ||
| $10,000–$19,999 | 19 (41) | 7 (39) | 31 (36) | ||
| ≥ $20,000 | 5 (11) | 4 (28) | 25 (28) | ||
| Education level, n (%) | .184 (NS) | .153 (NS) | |||
| ≤ 8th grade | 15 (32) | 6 (29) | 18 (19) | ||
| Some high school | 15 (32) | 3 (14) | 33 (35) | ||
| High school graduate/graduate school | 17 (36) | 12 (57) | 42 (45) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | .531 (NS) | .711 (NS) | |||
| Dominican | 23 (49) | 12 (57) | 49 (53) | ||
| Other Central/South America | 24 (51) | 9 (43) | 44 (47) | ||
| Acculturation | |||||
| Years in country, n (%)c | .083 (NS) | .303 (NS) | |||
| > 20 | 28 (61) | 8 (38) | 47 (50) | ||
| 0–20 | 18 (39) | 13 (62) | 46 (49) | ||
| Language, n (%) | |||||
| Spanish only | 18 (38) | 5 (24) | 26 (28) | .234 (NS) | .924 (NS) |
| Mostly Spanish (some English) | 26 (55) | 12 (57) | 51 (55) | ||
| Spanish and English the same—mostly English | 3 (6) | 4 (19) | 16 (17) | ||
| Clinical/treatment | |||||
| Function, n (%) | .109 (NS) | < .0001 | |||
| Somewhat to extremely difficult | 32 (68) | 10 (48) | 5 (5) | ||
| Not at all difficult | 15 (32) | 11 (52) | 88 (95) | ||
| History of family/friend mental health treatment, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 13 (28) | 10 (48) | 32 (34) | .108 (NS) | NS (.257) |
| No | 34 (72) | 11 (52) | 61 (66) | ||
| Self-rated physical, n (%) | |||||
| Good/excellent | 12 (26) | 4 (19) | 63 (68) | .759 (NS) | < .0001 |
| Fair/poor | 35 (74) | 17 (81) | 30 (32) | ||
| Chronic illness, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 36 (77) | 10 (48) | 47 (51) | .0183 | .809 (NS) |
| No | 11 (23) | 11 (52) | 46 (49) | ||
| Previous treatment for depression, anxiety, or substance abuse, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 22 (47) | 8 (38) | 11 (12) | .504 (NS) | .0035 |
| No | 25 (53) | 13 (62) | 82 (88) | ||
a
Subjective depression vs PHQ-depression.
b
Subjective depression vs nondepression.
c
One participant was unable to recall number of years in the country.
Abbreviations: NS = not significant, PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire.