Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Intervention and Control Groups
| Characteristic | Intervention Group | Control Group | P Value |
| N (female/male) | 26 (13/13) | 24 (10/14) | .56 |
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 48.1 ± 11.5 | 48.9 ± 12.0 | .81 |
| Weight, mean ± SD (kg) | 84.1 ± 15.3 | 84.6 ± 13.4 | .90 |
| BMI, mean ± SD (kg/m2) | 28.4 ± 4.5 | 28.4 ± 3.5 | .99 |
| Waist circumference, mean ± SD (cm) | 97.7 ± 12.4 | 101.0 ± 12.1 | .36 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio, mean ± SD | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | .29 |
| HbA1c, mean ± SD (%) | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | .53 |
| Total cholesterol, mean ± SD (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 1.0 | .89 |
| HDL, mean ± SD (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | .86 |
| LDL, mean ± SD (mmol/L) | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | .79 |
| C-reactive protein, mean ± SD (mg/L) | 3.2 ± 4.4 | 1.7 ± 2.0 | .15 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD (mm Hg) | 129.7 ± 13.9 | 128.4 ± 13.2 | .75 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD (mm Hg) | 82.4 ± 8.7 | 80.9 ± 7.0 | .54 |
| Elevated blood pressure (> 140/90 mm Hg), n | 4 | 4 | 1.0 |
| Metabolic syndrome according to NCEP-ATP III, n | 17 | 15 | .82 |
| Psychotropic drugs, n | 26 | 24 | … |
| Mood stabilizers, n | 7 | 5 | .61 |
| Mood stabilizers + antidepressants, n | 10 | 14 | .16 |
| Mood stabilizers + antidepressants + antipsychotics, n | 3 | 5 | .37 |
| Mood stabilizers + antipsychotics, n | 6 | 9 | .27 |
| Weight-increasing psychotropic drugs, na | 26 | 24 | … |
| No. of weight-increasing psychotropic drugsb | |||
| 1 | 18 | 12 | .17 |
| 2 | 6 | 12 | .09 |
| 3 | 2 | 0 | .17 |
| Duration of medication | |||
| 6 mo | 4 | 2 | .44 |
| < 1 y | 5 | 2 | .27 |
| < 2 y | 5 | 3 | .52 |
| < 5 y | 8 | 7 | .90 |
| < 10 y | 3 | 6 | .22 |
| < 20 y | 1 | 4 | .13 |
| Body mass index categories, n (kg/m2) | |||
| 20–24.9 | 6 | 3 | .22 |
| 25–29.9 | 13 | 13 | 1.0 |
| 30–34.9 | 3 | 7 | .12 |
| 35–39.9 | 4 | 1 | .38 |
a
Were on treatment with medication for at least 3 months with 1 of the following substances: lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or amisulpride (all have weight-increasing properties).
b
According to the profile of adverse drug effects, Swiss Arzneimittelkompendium (http://www.documed.ch).
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein.
Symbol: … = no data.