Table 3.
Changes in Clinical and Metabolic Parameters in the Intervention and Control Groups
| Intervention Group (n = 26) | Control Group (n = 24) | Significance (time by intervention) | Mean Differences in Change Scores From Baselinea | ||||||
| Parameter | Baseline | 5 Mo | 11 Mo | Baseline | 5 Mo | 11 Mo | Changes 0–5 Mo | Changes 0–11 Mo | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 (26.8–30.0) | 28.1 (26.5–29.6) | 28.1 (26.3–29.8) | 28.4 (26.7–30.0) | 28.7 (27.1–30.4) | 28.8 (27.0–30.6) | P = .03 | –0.2 to –1.3 | –0.1 to –1.6 |
| Weight (kg) | 84.1 (78.5–89.7) | 83.2 (77.7–88.7) | 83.3 (77.2–89.4) | 84.0 (78.1–89.8) | 85.0 (79.2–90.7) | 85.3 (79.0–91.6) | P = .08 | –0.2 to –3.6 | 0.3 to –4.4 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.7 (92.9–102.6) | 96.2 (91.3–101.2) | 95.9 (90.7–101.2) | 100.0 (94.9–105.0) | 100.7 (95.5–105.8) | 98.7 (93.2–104.2) | NS | 0.8 to –5.2 | 3.2 to –4.1 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 5.6 (5.5–5.8) | 5.5 (5.3–5.7) | 5.4 (5.1–5.6) | 5.5 (5.3–5.7) | NS | 0.3 to –0.03 | 0.3 to –0.2 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.6 (5.2–6.1) | 5.4 (5.0–5.8) | 5.4 (5.0–5.8) | 5.7 (5.2–6.1) | 5.6 (5.2–6.0) | 5.9 (5.5–6.4) | NS | 0.3 to –0.6 | –0.03 to –0.9 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | NS | 0.09 to –0.1 | 0.06 to –0.2 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 3.2 (2.8–3.5) | 3.1 (2.8–3.5) | 3.3 (2.9–3.7) | NS | 0.4 to –0.4 | 0.3 to –0.5 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) | 2.1 (1.6–2.6) | 1.9 (1.4–2.5) | 2.7 (2.1–3.4) | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 2.8 (2.2–3.3) | NS | 0.5 to –1.0 | 0.1 to –1.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 129.7 (124.4–135.0) | 127.0 (121.4–132.6) | 132.4 (126.0–138.9) | 129.3 (123.7–134.8) | 128.7 (122.9–134.5) | 132.6 (125.9–139.3) | NS | 8.3 to –13.0 | 10.4 to –11.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 82.1 (78.5–85.7) | 80.3 (76.5–84.2) | 85.0 (78.1–92.0) | 81.3 (77.4–85.1) | 82.5 (78.4–86.5) | 82.3 (75.0–89.6) | NS | 4.7 to –10.6 | 11.6 to –7.8 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.2 (1.8–4.5) | 3.8 (2.1–5.4) | 5.3 (2.5–8.1) | 1.7 (0.3–3.1) | 3.8 (2.1–5.5) | 3.3 (0.4–6.2) | NS | 0.6 to –3.5 | 4.2 to –3.1 |
a
Negative values indicate a decrease and positive values indicate an increase in the respective parameter.
b
Significant group effect.
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, NS = not significant.