Table 1. Leptospira spp. used during this study.

Serovar	Serogroup	Strain	Species	Status	rrs	lipL32	Source
Lai	Icterohaemorrhagiae	Lai	L. interrogans	Pathogenic	+	+	Australia@
Autumnalis	Autumnalis	Akiyami A	L. interrogans	Pathogenic	+	+	Australia
Cynopteri	Cynopteri	3522C	L. kirschneri	Pathogenic	+	+	NIH*
Fortbragg	Autumnalis	Fort Bragg	L. noguchii	Pathogenic	+	+	Australia
Manhao3	Manhao	L60	L. alexanderi	Pathogenic	+	+	ATCC#
Sarmin	Sarmin	Sarmin	L. weilii	Pathogenic	+	+	NIH
Javanica	Javanica	Veldrat Batavia 46	L. borgpetersenii	Pathogenic	+	+	ATCC
Alice	Autumnalis	Alice	L. santarosai	Pathogenic	+	+	Australia
Pingchang	Ranarum	80–412	L. alstonii	Pathogenic	+	+	KIT$
Lyme	Lyme	10	L. inadai	Intermediate	+	−	ATCC
Korat		Khorat-H2T	L. wolffii	Intermediate	+	−	Mahidola
Patoc	Semaranga	Patoc I	L. biflexa	Non-pathogenic	−	−	NIH
Semaranga	Samaranga	Veldrat Semarang173	L. meyeri	Non-pathogenic	−	−	KIT
Codice	Codice	CDC	L. wolbachii	Non-pathogenic	−	−	Australia
Hualin	Icterohaemorrhagiae	LT11-33	L. terpstrae	Non-pathogenic	(+)	−	ATCC
Saopaulo	Semaranga	Sao Paulo	L. yanagawa	Non-pathogenic	(+)	−	Australia

^@WHO/FOA/OIE/ Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Australia;

*Bureau of Emerging Infection Disease, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand;

^#American Type Culture Collection, USA;

^$Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Netherland;

^aDr Thareerat Kalambaheti, Mahidol University, Thailand.

+ and − indicate a positive or negative result in the relevant PCR assay, respectively. (+) indicates a positive PCR result at a high Cq.