Table 1. Leptospira spp. used during this study.
Serovar | Serogroup | Strain | Species | Status | rrs | lipL32 | Source |
Lai | Icterohaemorrhagiae | Lai | L. interrogans | Pathogenic | + | + | Australia@ |
Autumnalis | Autumnalis | Akiyami A | L. interrogans | Pathogenic | + | + | Australia |
Cynopteri | Cynopteri | 3522C | L. kirschneri | Pathogenic | + | + | NIH* |
Fortbragg | Autumnalis | Fort Bragg | L. noguchii | Pathogenic | + | + | Australia |
Manhao3 | Manhao | L60 | L. alexanderi | Pathogenic | + | + | ATCC# |
Sarmin | Sarmin | Sarmin | L. weilii | Pathogenic | + | + | NIH |
Javanica | Javanica | Veldrat Batavia 46 | L. borgpetersenii | Pathogenic | + | + | ATCC |
Alice | Autumnalis | Alice | L. santarosai | Pathogenic | + | + | Australia |
Pingchang | Ranarum | 80–412 | L. alstonii | Pathogenic | + | + | KIT$ |
Lyme | Lyme | 10 | L. inadai | Intermediate | + | − | ATCC |
Korat | Khorat-H2T | L. wolffii | Intermediate | + | − | Mahidola | |
Patoc | Semaranga | Patoc I | L. biflexa | Non-pathogenic | − | − | NIH |
Semaranga | Samaranga | Veldrat Semarang173 | L. meyeri | Non-pathogenic | − | − | KIT |
Codice | Codice | CDC | L. wolbachii | Non-pathogenic | − | − | Australia |
Hualin | Icterohaemorrhagiae | LT11-33 | L. terpstrae | Non-pathogenic | (+) | − | ATCC |
Saopaulo | Semaranga | Sao Paulo | L. yanagawa | Non-pathogenic | (+) | − | Australia |
WHO/FOA/OIE/ Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Australia;
*Bureau of Emerging Infection Disease, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand;
American Type Culture Collection, USA;
Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Netherland;
Dr Thareerat Kalambaheti, Mahidol University, Thailand.
+ and − indicate a positive or negative result in the relevant PCR assay, respectively. (+) indicates a positive PCR result at a high Cq.