Table 1.
Maternal and Infant Characteristics by Smoking Group.
| Exposed (n = 28) | Unexposed (n = 28) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | ||
| Maternal Characteristics/Demographics | |||
| Maternal age group (% 17–22 years) 1 | 57% | 32% | .20 |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 82% | 64% | .13 |
| Delivery mode (% vaginal delivery) | 61% | 71 % | .41 |
| Gravida | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | .81 |
| Parity | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | .94 |
| Employed | 61% | 64% | .79 |
| Low socio-economic status2 (%) | 54% | 39% | .28 |
| <1 drink/mo during pregnancy (%) | 96% | 89% | .30 |
| ≤200mg caffeine/day3 (%) | 57% | 68% | .41 |
| >1 hr ETS exposure/day4 (%) | 18% | 54% | .01 |
| Newborn Characteristics | |||
| Gestational Age, weeks | 39.6 (1.2) | 39.6 (1.0) | .95 |
| Birthweight, grams | 3365 (385) | 3416 (396) | .63 |
| Apgar, 1 minute | 8 (1) | 8 (1) | .83 |
| Apgar, 5 minutes | 9 (0) | 9 (0) | 1.0 |
| Age at exam (in days) | 17 (4) | 18 (4) | .26 |
| Exposed to second-hand smoke (%) | 43% | 25% | .16 |
| Exposed to maternal depression5 (%) | 14% | 25% | .31 |
| Any breast-feeding6 (%) | 64% | 50% | .28 |
1
Age intervals included: 17–22, 23–27, and 27+.
2
Based on a score of 4 or 5 on the Hollingshead Index
3
Equivalent of 2 cups of coffee per day.
4
ETS=Environmental Tobacco Smoke
5
Based on cut-off score of 16 on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale.
6
Percentage of infants who were breast-fed only or who were breast and bottle-fed at the time of the neurobehavioral assessment.