Table 3.
Subgroup analyses of effects of vitamin D supplementation by sex
| Outcome | Females | Males | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of studies | No of participants | Standardised mean difference* (95% CI) | No of studies | No of participants | Standardised mean difference* (95% CI) | |
| Hip bone mineral density | 3 | 467 | 0.09 (−0.21 to 0.40) | 1 | 172 | −0.07 (−0.39 to 0.25) |
| Lumbar spine bone mineral density | 4 | 488 | 0.20 (0.01 to 0.39)† | 1 | 172 | 0.01 (−0.31 to 0.33) |
| Total body bone mineral content | 4 | 500 | 0.13 (−0.05 to 0.31) | 1 | 172 | 0.01 (−0.31 to 0.33) |
| Forearm bone mineral density | 2 | 255 | 0.20 (−0.35 to 0.76) | 1 | 172 | −0.25 (−0.57 to 0.07) |
Outcome is percentage change from baseline.
*Standardised mean difference of 0.3 regarded as small.59
†Statistically significant at 5% level.