Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Nutrient Characteristics of NHS Participants in the Year 2000 Stratified by Western Pattern Diet Score
| Cumulative Averaged Western Pattern Diet Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All NHS (N= 3121) | Q1 n=780 | Q2 n=780 | Q3 n=781 | Q4 n=780 | p-for-trend | |
| Age (years) | 67 (62, 73) | 69 (63, 74) | 67 (62, 73) | 66 (61, 72) | 65 (59, 71) | <.001 |
| Caucasian (%) | 97.4 | 96.1 | 97.1 | 98.3 | 98.2 | 0.02 |
| Hypertension (%) | 54.1 | 53.1 | 44.9 | 43.4 | 42.2 | <.001 |
| SBP (mm/hg) in 1990 | 130 (120, 140) | 120 (110, 130) | 130 (120, 140) | 130 (120, 140) | 130 (120, 140) | <.001 |
| DBP (mm/hg) in 1990 | 105 (70, 80) | 80 (70, 80) | 80 (70, 80) | 80 (70, 88) | 80 (70, 88) | <.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 23.1 | 17.1 | 22.8 | 23.8 | 28.6 | <.001 |
| High cholesterol (%) | 65.0 | 66.3 | 66.3 | 65.4 | 61.8 | 0.2 |
| CVD (%) | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 0.9 |
| Current smoker (%) | 5.8 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 5.8 | 9.7 | <.001 |
| Ever smoker (%) | 52.8 | 52.8 | 54.6 | 51.5 | 52.2 | 0.6 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 1.7 (0.18, 7.0) | 1.9 (0.2, 7.1) | 2.1 (0.4, 8.0) | 1.9 (0.2, 7.4) | 1.2 (0, 5.7) | 0.2 |
| Calorie intake (kcal/day) | 1726 (1468, 2020) | 1413 (1230, 1626) | 1607 (1408,1805) | 1800 (1605, 1996) | 2153 (1923, 2392) | <.001 |
| Activity level (METs/week) | 11.4 (3.6, 25.2) | 14.0 (4.3, 27.9) | 12.7 (4.1, 26) | 11.5 (4.0, 24.6) | 8.1 (2.4, 20.8) | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (23, 30.2) | 25.0 (22.3, 28.7) | 26.4 (23.3, 30) | 26.6 (23.2, 30.1) | 27.5 (23.5, 32.0) | <.001 |
| Aspirin use lifetime (g/day) | 748 (98, 3169) | 414 (33, 2438) | 748 (82, 3006) | 813 (98, 3656) | 975 (98, 3656) | 0.01 |
| NSAID use lifetime (g/day) | 60 (10, 1000) | 20 (10, 500) | 50 (10, 900) | 100 (20, 1200) | 100 (20, 1500) | 0.06 |
| Acetominophen use through 1999 (g/day) | 98 (33, 1138) | 81 (33, 650) | 98 (33, 98) | 98 (33, 1138) | 260 (33, 2438) | 0.001 |
| ACEi or ARB medication use (%) | 21.3 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 23.9 | 22.2 | 0.06 |
| Cholesterol lowering medication (ever used by year 2000) | 28.8 | 32.2 | 27.3 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 0.1 |
| Plasma Cr in 2000 (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.9 |
| eGFR in 2000 (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 76 (65, 88) | 76 (65, 88) | 76 (65, 87) | 76 (65, 88) | 76 (66, 89) | 0.9 |
| Urinary ACR (mcg/mg) | 3.4 (2.0, 6.2) | 3.3 (2.1, 6.2) | 3.3 (1.9, 6.0) | 3.4 (1.9, 6.2) | 3.4 (2.0, 6.1) | 0.9 |
| Total protein (g/day) | 74 (68, 80) | 76 (69, 83) | 75 (69, 81) | 73 (68, 79) | 72 (66, 77) | <.001 |
| Animal protein (g/day) | 53 (46, 59) | 54 (47, 61) | 53 (47, 59) | 52 (46, 58) | 51 (46, 58) | <.001 |
| Vegetable protein (g/day) | 21 (19, 23) | 22 (20, 25) | 21 (19, 23) | 21 (19, 23) | 20 (18, 22) | <.001 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 56 (50, 61) | 49 (44, 55) | 54 (50, 59) | 57 (53, 62) | 60 (56, 65) | <.001 |
| Animal fat (g/day) | 30 (25, 34) | 26 (22, 30) | 29 (25, 33) | 31 (27, 35) | 33(29, 37) | <.001 |
| Sodium (mg/d) | 2001 (1801, 2227) | 1907 (1718, 2116) | 1981 (1781, 2181) | 2033 (1827, 2262) | 2085 (1888, 2325) | <.001 |
| Beta-carotene (mg/day) | 4406 (3281, 5930) | 5763 (4198,7522) | 4651 (3499,5851) | 4031 (3216,5344) | 3620 (2732,4727) | <.001 |
| Median Western Diet pattern score | −0.1 (−0.6, 0.4) | −0.9 (−1.1, −0.7) | −0.3 (−0.5, −0.2) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.3) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | NA |
Results expressed as median (25th, 75th percentile), percentage, or median (percentage). Conversion factors for units: Cr in mg/dL to μmol/L, x88.4; eGFR in mL/min/1.73 m2 to mL/s/1.73 m2, x0.01667.
p<0.05 or
p<0.01 when compared to Q1 as referent group
ACR= albumin-creatinine ratio; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; Cr, creatinine; NA, Not applicable; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiiinflamatory drugs; Q, quartile; MET, metabolic equivalent; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study