Table 3.
Demographic, Clinical, and Nutrient Characteristics of Participants in the NHS in the Year 2000 Stratified by DASH-Style Pattern Score
| Cumulative Averaged DASH-Style Pattern Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All NHS (N= 3121) | Q 1 n=780 | Q 2 n=780 | Q3 n=781 | Q 4 n=780 | p-for-trend | |
| Age (years) | 67 (62,73) | 64 (61, 73) | 66 (61, 73) | 68 (63, 73) | 70 (64, 74) | <.001 |
| Caucasian (%) | 97.4 | 96.3 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 97.1 | 0.08 |
| Hypertension (%) | 54.1 | 56.5 | 56.3 | 56.7 | 48.3 | 0.001 |
| SBP (mm/hg) in 1990 | 130 (120, 140) | 130 (120, 140) | 130 (120, 140) | 130 (120, 140) | 120 (120, 140) | 0.05 |
| DBP (mm/hg) in 1990 | 105 (70, 80) | 80 (70, 88) | 80 (70, 88) | 80 (70, 80) | 80 (70, 80) | <.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 23.1 | 24.6 | 24.1 | 26.1 | 20.3 | 0.04 |
| High cholesterol (%) | 65.0 | 65.0 | 63.3 | 66.1 | 66.4 | 0.6 |
| CVD (%) | 6.0 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 0.6 |
| Current smoker (%) | 5.8 | 11.6 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 2.2 | <.001 |
| Ever smoker (%) | 52.8 | 56.3 | 57.7 | 50.3 | 48.4 | <.001 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 1.7 (0.18, 7.0) | 1.4 (0,6.7) | 2.0 (0.3,8.0) | 1.6 (0.2,6.5) | 1.8 (0.2,6.5) | 0.03 |
| Calorie intake (kcal/day) | 1726 (1468, 2019) | 1560 (1301, 1902) | 1685 (1447, 1978) | 1745 (1496, 2019) | 1876 (1628, 2157) | <.001 |
| Activity level (METs/wk) | 11.4 (3.6, 25.2) | 7.7 (1.9, 17.7) | 9.8 (3.1, 22.3) | 12.7 (4.4, 27.0) | 17.7 (7.7, 32.7) | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (23, 30.2) | 27.1 (23.5, 31.4) | 27.1 (23.5, 31.4) | 26.3 (23.0, 30.5) | 24.9 (22.3, 28.4) | <.001 |
| Aspirin use lifetime (g) | 748 (98, 3169) | 813 (98, 3169) | 748 (98, 3169) | 569 (98, 2844) | 748 (81, 3169) | 0.4 |
| NSAID use (lifetime, grams) | 60 (10, 1000) | 60 (10, 1200) | 60 (10, 1200) | 60 (10, 900) | 50 (10, 760) | 0.2 |
| Acetominophen use (lifetime, grams) | 98 (33, 1138) | 163 (33,1463) | 98 (33, 1235) | 98 (33, 975) | 98 (33, 650) | 0.001 |
| ACEi or ARB medication use (%) | 21.3 | 22.9 | 22.3 | 23.9 | 17.2 | 0.004 |
| Cholesterol lowering medication (ever used by year 2000) | 28.8 | 30.9 | 27.9 | 30.4 | 28.0 | 0.4 |
| Plasma Cr in 2000 (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.03 |
| eGFR in 2000 (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 76 (65, 88) | 77 (65, 89) | 75 (64, 88) | 75 (64, 86) | 77 (66, 89) | 0.2 |
| Urinary ACR (mcg/mg) | 3.4 (2.0, 6.2) | 3.4 (1.9, 6.2) | 3.6 (1.9, 5.6) | 3.4 (2.1, 6.8) | 3.6 (2.1, 6.5) | 0.7 |
| Total protein (g/day) | 74 (68, 80) | 71 (65, 77) | 73 (67, 79) | 75 (69, 81) | 77 (70, 83) | <.001 |
| Animal protein (g/day) | 53 (46, 59) | 52 (46, 58) | 53 (47, 59) | 53 (47, 59) | 53 (46, 60) | 0.1 |
| Vegetable protein (g/day) | 21 (19, 23) | 19 (17, 21) | 20 (19, 22) | 22 (20, 23) | 23 (21, 25) | <.001 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 56 (50, 61) | 61( 56, 65) | 57 (53, 61) | 54 (50, 59) | 49 (45, 54) | <.001 |
| Animal fat (g/day) | 30 (25, 34) | 34 (30, 39) | 31 (27, 35) | 29 (25, 33) | 25 (22, 29) | <.001 |
| Sodium (mg/d) | 2001 (1801, 2227) | 2084 (1893, 3276) | 2031 (1831, 2274) | 1964 (1788, 2165) | 1926 (1730, 2111) | <.001 |
| Beta-carotene (mg/day) | 4406 (3281, 5930) | 3109 (2327,4087) | 4037 (3225,5226) | 4619 (3730,6011) | 5979 (4833,7531) | <.001 |
| Median DASH-style pattern score | 25 (22, 27) | 20 (18, 21) | 23 (22, 24) | 26 (25, 27) | 29 (28, 31) | NA |
Results expressed as median (25th, 75th percentile), percentage, or median (percentage). Conversion factors for units: Cr in mg/dL to μmol/L, x88.4; eGFR in mL/min/1.73 m2 to mL/s/1.73 m2, x0.01667.
p<0.05 or
p<0.01 when compared to Q1 as referent group
ACR= albumin-creatinine ratio; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; Cr, creatinine; NA, Not applicable; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiiinflamatory drugs; Q, quartile; MET, metabolic equivalent; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; DASH, Dietary Approach to Hypertension