Table 1.

The summary of the effects of gene-environment interactions

Test	Outcomes	Possible interpretations
Affective behaviors Open field test - peripheral zone Elevated plus maze – open arms Forced swim test - immobility Tail suspension test - immobility Sociability test – sniffing time	Increased Decreased Increased Increased Decreased	The effects in these tests suggest increased anxiety and depression-like phenotypes, consistent with aspects of mood disorders
Learning and memory Spontaneous alternation Spatial recognition in Y maze Morris water maze Object recognition test	Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected	These tests evaluate cognitive changes in mice. The lack of the significant effects in the tests may indicate no effects on learning and memory
Sensory-motor integration Pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle	Unaffected	This test evaluates sensory--motor gating processing in mice
Brain pathology Lateral ventricles enlargement Brain region volumes  - Amygdala  - Hypothalamus  - PAGM  - Cortex  - Hippocampus  - Striatum Spine density in the hippocampus	Attenuated Decreased Decreased Decreased Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Decreased	The brain abnormalities may explain the affective phenotypes and seem to be consistent with brain pathological findings in patients with mood disorders
Neurochemical changes  - Dopamine  - Norepinephrine  - Serotonin  - DA metabolism  - 5-HT metabolism	Unaffected Unaffected Increased Unaffected Decreased	Attenuated 5-HT neurotransmission may contribute to the behavioral phenotypes in mice and appears in line with alterations found in affective disorders
Molecular markers  - Mutant DISC1  - Endogenous DISC1  - GSK-3β	Increased Decreased Unaffected by poly I:C stimulation in mutant DISC1 mice	Altered expression of DISC1 and its interactors may underlie the brain abnormalities in mice GSK-3β is a key DISC1 partner and a main factor of the immune signaling. Abnormal interaction between GSK-3β and DISC1 could contribute to altered cytokine production in mhDISC1 mice