. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2010 Dec 3;152(1):223–229. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.045

Table 2.

Baseline scores of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and Multidimensional Pain Inventory pain severity subscale based on smoking status.

Variable	Current Smoker (N = 313)	Former Smoker (N = 294)	Never Smoker (N = 634)	P Value^*
CES-D
Baseline	30.2 ± 12.5^a^**	26.1 ± 11.9^b	25.0 ± 12.2^b	<0.001
MPI Pain Severity
Baseline	49.8 ± 9.8^a	47.8 ± 9.0^b	46.9 ±9.4^b	<0.001

Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).

^**

Mean ± standard deviation; different superscripts denote Tukey HSD post-hoc statistical significance (P < 0.05) between groups and similar superscripts denote no statistical significance.