Table 3.

Linear regression analyses with baseline MPI pain severity as the outcome variable.

	Beta coefficient in univariate analysis (95% CI)	P	Beta coefficient in multivariate analysis* (95% CI)	P
Smoking status
Never	0.00		0.00
Former	0.86 (−0.45, 2.18)	0.197	−0.06 (−1.29, 1.17)	0.922
Current	2.89 (1.58, 4.20)	<0.001	0.51 (−0.76, 1.78)	0.427
CES-D score	0.28 (0.23, 0.31)	<0.001	0.25 (0.21, 0.29)	<0.001
Age	0.03 (−0.01, 0.07)	0.130	0.06 (0.02, 0.10)	0.002
Female sex	−0.45 (−1.70, 0.79)	0.474	−0.41 (−1.56, 0.74)	0.485
Married	−0.74 (−1.87, 0.39)	0.201	−0.83 (−1.92, 0.26)	0.137
Years of education	−0.69 (−0.89, −0.50)	<0.001	−0.53 (−0.71, −0.34)	<0.001
Currently employed	−4.45 (−5.62, −3.29)	<0.001	−2.72 (−3.84, −1.60)	<0.001
Pain duration	0.00 (−0.05, 0.05)	0.991	−0.01 (−0.06, 0.04)	0.627
Morphine equivalent dose (per 50 mg/day)	0.45 (0.23, 0.67)	<0.001	0.28 (0.07, 0.49)	0.008

^*Adjusted for all other factors listed in the table.